Long-term Health Effects Of Low-carbohydrate Diets In Obese Subjects With The Metabolic Syndrome
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$497,716.00
Summary
The prevalence of obesity and its associated physiological and psychological comorbidities is increasing dramatically in Australia and throughout the developed world. Governing public health bodies recommend lifestyle changes of energy restriction combined with increasing physical activity for the treatment of obesity. In response to the increasing concerns about the rising level of obesity, there has been a multitude of fad diets developed outside the medical and nutritional recommendations for ....The prevalence of obesity and its associated physiological and psychological comorbidities is increasing dramatically in Australia and throughout the developed world. Governing public health bodies recommend lifestyle changes of energy restriction combined with increasing physical activity for the treatment of obesity. In response to the increasing concerns about the rising level of obesity, there has been a multitude of fad diets developed outside the medical and nutritional recommendations for healthy eating and with this an increased popularity of dietary regimens with severe restriction of carbohydrate, such as the Dr. Atkins diet. But although adopted by millions worldwide yearly and the release of a range of low-carbohydrate products into the food market, there is minimal scientific evidence available for the long-term efficacy and safety of low-carbohydrate diets, including their impact on risk factors for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, kidney function, bone health, psychosocial function and the capacity to undertake concurrent physical activity and daily living activities. Consequently, there is a lack of evidenced-based public health recommendations and policy regarding these dietary practices. In this project we will compare the long-term nutritional adequacy and effects of a very low-carbohydrate, weight loss diet to a conventional high-carbohydrate, low fat weight loss diet on cardiovascular health, exercise tolerance, mood state, bone health, renal function, bowel health and cancer risk in obese people with risk factors for cardiovascular disease in order to develop appropriate public health guidelines to counsel obese patients.Read moreRead less
Polyunsaturated Fat As A Protective Agent In The Dietary Management Of Early Overweight
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$383,750.00
Summary
This study adds significantly to our knowledge of the effect of diet composition on weight management. It builds on animal model studies demonstrating the effects of different types of fat on obesity development, and on our research in people with diabetes, where we found a higher proportion of polyunsaturated fats in a low fat diet resulted in greater body fat loss. Our proposed research will demonstrate whether this same dietary profile can reduce visceral fat in people who are overweight but ....This study adds significantly to our knowledge of the effect of diet composition on weight management. It builds on animal model studies demonstrating the effects of different types of fat on obesity development, and on our research in people with diabetes, where we found a higher proportion of polyunsaturated fats in a low fat diet resulted in greater body fat loss. Our proposed research will demonstrate whether this same dietary profile can reduce visceral fat in people who are overweight but not diabetic, and whether we need to reduce calories or not to achieve this end. It may be that the effect is due to a higher level of fat used as fuel, a higher metabolic rate, or a reduction in appetite. We will be able to determine these effects, and add to the scientific knowledge base of dietary components and energy balance. Having this knowledge is important if we are to develop dietary advice for weight management that is more specific and effective than general statements on eating well. One of the great strengths of this study is that the food guidance system is fully developed. Not only will we will prove the targeted nutrient composition of the diet is achieved, the food guidance system provides for people to chose foods under free living conditions. Thus the link to this research and clinical practice models will be assured. The impact of this research may then be assessed in terms of more effective clinical strategies for the management of obesity, a major public health concern.Read moreRead less
Regulation And Activity Of Fatty Acid Delta-6 Desaturase (D6D)
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$527,683.00
Summary
Fish and fish oils contain fats known as omega-3 fats. These have health benefits in adult conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and heart disease, and they are necessary for proper brain and eye development in infants. However, much of the population does not like to eat fish and also, world fish stocks are under stress. Thus, a sustainable alternative source of omega-3 fats needs to be explored. Some vegetable oils such as canola, echium, and flaxseed oils have omega-3 fats. However, these a ....Fish and fish oils contain fats known as omega-3 fats. These have health benefits in adult conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and heart disease, and they are necessary for proper brain and eye development in infants. However, much of the population does not like to eat fish and also, world fish stocks are under stress. Thus, a sustainable alternative source of omega-3 fats needs to be explored. Some vegetable oils such as canola, echium, and flaxseed oils have omega-3 fats. However, these are not the same as the omega-3s in fish oil. In general, vegetable omega-3s are known as short-chain omega-3s whereas those in fish are long-chain. When the vegetable oil omega-3s are consumed in the diet, the body must convert them to the fish-type, or long-chain, omega-3s in order to gain the health benefits. Currently, human metabolism is poor at doing this conversion. Our studies suggest that the amounts and blends of fats in most diets are well below optimal for conversion to long-chain omega-3s in the body. In particular, our studies show that there may be no point in simply adding more vegetable omega-3 fats to the diet. This project will examine the enzymes that convert the short-chain to the long-chain omega-3 fats. In particular, it will examine how the dietary fats interact with each other in detrimental ways to suppress activity of the conversion enzymes necessary for long-chain omega-3 formation. Evidence for the health benefits of fish-based omega-3 fats is very strong and it is an approach to health that most people can undertake on their own. Our lack of knowledge of the best way to use plant-based omega-3 fats is a large impediment for a more sustainable and broader based use of omega-3 fats. The results from this study will begin to fill in this knowledge gap. The results will be useful across a range of activities that are determinants of the kinds of fat that we eat. These include oil seed breeding, food manufacture, and dietetics.Read moreRead less
How eating patterns interact with activity, sleep and mood. This project aims to understand temporal eating patterns (the timing and distribution of food intake and eating occasions across the day) among adults and how these eating patterns interact with activity and sleep patterns. Eating, activity and sleep patterns form a lifestyle triad which may be important for well-being and productivity. The project will study eating, activity and sleep patterns in daily life, to examine their social dri ....How eating patterns interact with activity, sleep and mood. This project aims to understand temporal eating patterns (the timing and distribution of food intake and eating occasions across the day) among adults and how these eating patterns interact with activity and sleep patterns. Eating, activity and sleep patterns form a lifestyle triad which may be important for well-being and productivity. The project will study eating, activity and sleep patterns in daily life, to examine their social drivers, interactions and effect on mood. This project could enable these behaviours to be targeted, with the potential to promote healthy lifestyles and improve health, quality of life and productivity.Read moreRead less
Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment And Facilities - Grant ID: LE140100099
Funder
Australian Research Council
Funding Amount
$154,000.00
Summary
Online dietary assessment for research: The Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Recall System for Australia (ASA24-Aus). Online dietary assessment for research: the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Recall System for Australia: This project brings together key researchers nationally in the field of nutrition and dietetics to develop a standardised, high quality, online system to assess food intake among adults across a variety of research settings and study designs. The propose ....Online dietary assessment for research: The Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Recall System for Australia (ASA24-Aus). Online dietary assessment for research: the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Recall System for Australia: This project brings together key researchers nationally in the field of nutrition and dietetics to develop a standardised, high quality, online system to assess food intake among adults across a variety of research settings and study designs. The proposed infrastructure is an Australian version of the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Recall (ASA24) in collaboration with the United States National Cancer Institute. The infrastructure is internationally renowned and will underpin research that builds the evidence-base for policies and programs in the field of nutrition and dietetics. Read moreRead less
Effects of omega-3 fatty acids and micronutrients on learning and behaviour of Indigenous Australian children from a remote community school. Indigenous Australian children have disproportionate health problems that are largely related to malnutrition, which affects physical health and may also impact on their emotional health, learning and behaviour. Indigenous Australian children in remote rural communities are performing well below national benchmarks, and the government has earmarked improve ....Effects of omega-3 fatty acids and micronutrients on learning and behaviour of Indigenous Australian children from a remote community school. Indigenous Australian children have disproportionate health problems that are largely related to malnutrition, which affects physical health and may also impact on their emotional health, learning and behaviour. Indigenous Australian children in remote rural communities are performing well below national benchmarks, and the government has earmarked improved education in this population as a top national priority. To date research has not addressed the impact of nutrition on learning in this population. Improving the nutritional status of these children could assist them to derive greater benefit from educational opportunities, and in turn greater equality of access to occupational opportunities later in life.Read moreRead less
Towards a healthier food supply: achieving policy change and industry action. This research aims to identify mechanisms by which to improve the quality of the Australian food supply. The findings will have the potential to inform government and industry policies on healthier foods with the aim of decreasing chronic disease.