Progressive Aphasia And Amyloid Deposition: A Multidisciplinary Approach To Improving Dementia Diagnosis
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$528,245.00
Summary
We aim to understand the role of amyloid deposition in the genesis of symptoms in Alzheimer's disease. Patients presenting with progressive deterioration of language (aphasia) some of whom are known to have Alzheimer's disease will be studied using brain imaging techniques, including a PET method (PiB) that labels amyloid in vivo, and to compare imaging changes with a range of language assessments. This will improve the early diagnosis and management of patients with progressive aphasia.
Non-Alzheimer Dementia: Pathogenesis And Clinicopathological Correlations
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$437,036.00
Summary
Dementia affects as many as 20% of people in their eighties. Although much of this is caused by Alzheimer's disease (AD), other types of dementia are also important. In this study we will look at two types of non-Alzheimer dementia, frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and small vessel cerebrovascular disease (SVD). The clinical symptoms of SVD closely resemble AD. Conversely, FTD results in degeneration of those parts of the brain which are responsible for personality, behaviour and language. We will ....Dementia affects as many as 20% of people in their eighties. Although much of this is caused by Alzheimer's disease (AD), other types of dementia are also important. In this study we will look at two types of non-Alzheimer dementia, frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and small vessel cerebrovascular disease (SVD). The clinical symptoms of SVD closely resemble AD. Conversely, FTD results in degeneration of those parts of the brain which are responsible for personality, behaviour and language. We will look at the brains of patients who have died with these diseases and determine the types of neurons which are damaged and their distribution in the brain. We will also investigate whether an individual's genetic make-up influences the development of SVD. In addition, in collaboration with neuropathologists across Australia, we will develop and standardise criteria for the pathological diagnosis of these diseases. Overall, this study will better characterise the pathology of two commonly encountered non-AD dementias and provide valuable insights into their causes.Read moreRead less
Which Mental Activities And When For Dementia Prevention? The Four Nations Longitudinal Collaboration
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$183,218.00
Summary
We will examine the link between lifetime participation in complex mental activities and long term dementia risk in a level of detail not previously possible. Four major studies of brain health from around the world will join forces for the first time to determine which mental activities are most closely linked to protection from dementia, and when during the lifespan these are most important. Mental activity will be assessed using our recently published Lifetime of Experiences Questionnaire.
Finding Clinical Predictors For The Underlying Pathology In Different Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) Syndromes
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$136,593.00
Summary
Due to the ageing population in Australia it is predicted that the prevalence of dementia will increase four-fold by 2050. Developing disease-modifying therapies for dementia is therefore a priority, however we also need to be able to accurately identify patients for whom these therapies will be beneficial. Here we will develop strategies for identifying patients with particular protein abnormalities in their brain, the substrate of most therapeutic interventions.
The Receptor-associated Protein (RAP) As A Molecular Chaperone For The Amyloid Protein (Abeta) Of Alzheimers Disease
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$402,403.00
Summary
Our research will examine the role of a protein known as the receptor-associated protein (RAP) in Alzheimer's disease. We will determine whether the protein contributes to the progression of Alzheimer's disease and we will examine the possiblity that that RAP may be used as a drug to treat the disease. The project could potentially have direct benefit for patients by leading to an effective treatment for dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease.
The Role Of HIV Infection Of Astrocytes In The Development Of HIV Associated Dementia
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$144,250.00
Summary
Dementia is an extremely common problem in the late stages of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. HIV-associated dementia is the most common cause of dementia in people under 40 years of age. Despite the development of very good drugs to attack the virus, HIV-associaed dementia continues to be a major clinical problem. We are looking at the reasons why some people infected with HIV become demented and others do not. We are also looking at how best to prevent the development of dementia ....Dementia is an extremely common problem in the late stages of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. HIV-associated dementia is the most common cause of dementia in people under 40 years of age. Despite the development of very good drugs to attack the virus, HIV-associaed dementia continues to be a major clinical problem. We are looking at the reasons why some people infected with HIV become demented and others do not. We are also looking at how best to prevent the development of dementia. We believe that astrocytes (an important brain cell that supports neurons) play a very important role in the development of HIV-associated dementia. With an improved understanding of the steps leading to dementia we can better plan treatments to prevent the development of this devastating complication of HIV-AIDS.Read moreRead less
Feeding Disturbance And Hypothalamus Integrity In Early Frontotemporal Dementia
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$428,319.00
Summary
Frontotemporal dementia accounts for 12-20% of all dementia cases. It is as common as Alzheimer�s disease in the < 65 year olds but understanding of this disease remains limited. Marked eating disturbance (overeating, snatching food) is a common clinical manifestation. This project will characterise this deficit and define its biological causes using blood tests and magnetic resonance imaging. Results will help in designing therapeutic interventions targeting this disabling feature.
Smoking Cessation And The Risk Of Cognitive Decline In Older Men
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$366,250.00
Summary
Dementia is one of the most relevant health issues at the turn of the millennium, and the identification of modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD) is essential for the successful introduction of effective preventative strategies. The results of recent studies indicate that smoking increases the risk of cognitive decline, as well as the risk of AD and VD. These findings raise the possibility that cessation of smoking may reduce cognitive impairment in late ....Dementia is one of the most relevant health issues at the turn of the millennium, and the identification of modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD) is essential for the successful introduction of effective preventative strategies. The results of recent studies indicate that smoking increases the risk of cognitive decline, as well as the risk of AD and VD. These findings raise the possibility that cessation of smoking may reduce cognitive impairment in later life and the risk of both AD and VD. Through the Perth Elderly Cohort Study (PECS), which involves a community-representative sample of 12203 men aged 65-83 years, we have a unique opportunity to investigate the effects of smoking and smoking cessation on the cognitive abilities of a large sample of older men at risk for cognitive decline. Clearly, evidence from an experimental study that smoking cessation is followed by a reduction in risk of cognitive decline would greatly strengthen the argument that smoking is truly a cause of cognitive impairment.Read moreRead less
Regulation Of The Beta-secretase (BACE1) By Glycosaminoglycans
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$561,212.00
Summary
Alzheimer's disease is the leading cause of dementia in the elderly. Because of the prolonged institutionalisation of patients, it is a major health care burden. This project aims to develop novel drugs which can treat Alzheimer's disease by inhibiting production of the protein which causes the neurodegeneration.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND DEMENTIA IN A STROKE COHORT
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$290,747.00
Summary
In a current NHMRC-funded study, we have examined 200 stroke patients (and 100 control subjects) at 3 months after a stroke and one year later, and identified those who have impairment in memory and other cognitive functions. We have also studied these subjects in detail from a psychiatric perspective and performed brain scans on them using magentic resonance imaging. We find that many stroke patients have problems with their cognitive functioning which has a major impact on their lives. A large ....In a current NHMRC-funded study, we have examined 200 stroke patients (and 100 control subjects) at 3 months after a stroke and one year later, and identified those who have impairment in memory and other cognitive functions. We have also studied these subjects in detail from a psychiatric perspective and performed brain scans on them using magentic resonance imaging. We find that many stroke patients have problems with their cognitive functioning which has a major impact on their lives. A large number also become depressed. These consequences of stroke are not given sufficient importance by clinicians. The fact that stroke is a common problem in the elderly, and our society is aging, makes this a problem of major public health significance. In the new proposal, we plan to study these subjects up to 3 years with repeat neuropsychiatric assessments and brain scans to investigate the natural history of stroke-related cognitive impairment. We will determine whether further new cases of dementia develop in the period 1-3 years, what happens to the brain lesions picked up on brain scans, and how these deficiencies affect the patients' living status and their longevity. We will be able to determine the factors that lead to a good outcome, and suggest strategies that may be applicable to improve the functioning of these individuals.Read moreRead less