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Stress Hyperglycaemia And Mortality In Critical Illness: Defining The Association And Underlying Mechanisms
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$125,526.00
Summary
The relationship between high blood sugar levels (hyperglycaemia) and mortality in critically ill patients remains an area of controversy with conflicting results between studies. This PhD thesis will attempt to resolve this by firstly evaluating whether relative hyperglycaemia as measured using a novel new measure better predicts mortality outcome in such patients; and secondly, attempt to establish possible mechanisms which contributes to this.
An Investigation Into The Relationship Between Physical Activity And Asthma In Children
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$36,174.00
Summary
It is important to understand whether physical activity can prevent asthma, or whether asthma prevents children from being physically active, as this will influence the decisions we make with regard to the management of both childhood asthma and childhood activity. This work uses data from two studies of Australian children to tease out which path is the most important path to target when trying to increase physical activity levels and improve the respiratory health of children and adolescents.
The After-school Period: A Critical Window For Children's Health Behaviours
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$33,054.00
Summary
The after-school period is important for children’s physical activity and sedentary behaviours. This PhD by publication will build on the first two years of study. Progress-to-date includes defining the after-school period and examining the prevalence and contribution the period makes to daily behaviours over time. This thesis will now examine changes in patterns of after-school behaviours, determine the reliability of survey items assessing correlates of these behaviours and examine correlates.
Elucidating The Pathophysiological Mechanisms Leading To The Development Of Hypertension Late After Repair Of Coarctation Of The Aorta: The Key To Decreasing Premature Death From Hypertension After Arch Repair
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$48,791.00
Summary
Coarctation of the aorta is a condition where there is a narrowing in the aorta (main blood vessel from the heart supplying blood to the body) and usually requires surgery early in life. Many may develop late hypertension (high blood pressure) after surgery, which is linked to early death. This research aims to establish the causes of this hypertension to ultimately determine how to best treat and prevent it to allow survivors of a coarctation repair a chance to live a full and healthy life.
Physical Activity In Community Dwelling People With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$107,204.00
Summary
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a serious lung condition causing severe breathlessness. Participation in a pulmonary rehabilitation program can reduce symptoms and improve quality of life but is unavailable to most people who only see their local doctor. These studies will look at the effect of a new home-based pulmonary rehabilitation program on how much physical activity people do and the best ways to measure exercise ability at home.
Understanding The Unique Contribution Of Sedentary Behaviour To The Cardio Metabolic Health Of Women
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$83,149.00
Summary
The risk of heart disease for women increases significantly with the menopause. New evidence suggests that sedentary behaviour (too much sitting as distinct from too little exercise) is also related to heart disease risk. Ms Howard's PhD research will identify whether TV time and other prolonged sitting pose a particular risk for women during and after the menopause. Her studies will identify whether there is a need for women's health recommendations on reducing sitting time.
Effects Of Targeted Brace On Pain And Physical Function In People With Knee Osteoarthritis After Knee Reconstruction.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$92,495.00
Summary
Early-onset knee osteoarthritis (OA) imparts a considerable burden on younger adults, by restricting physical activity, quality-of-life and work capacity. Treatment options for younger adults with early-onset OA are limited. I will investigate the immediate and medium-term effects of a commercially available brace on symptoms and physical function in people with early-onset knee OA. If beneficial, the brace may have capacity to improve the impact of early-onset knee OA in younger Australians.
Increasing The Efficacy Of Web-based Physical Activity Interventions: Improving Website Promotion And Participant Engagement
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$62,073.00
Summary
This project aims to test innovative ways to improve web-based physical activity interventions able to reach large numbers of Australians at low-cost. In particular the effectiveness of internet promotion, personally tailored advice in video format and a brief Skype counseling session will be tested. Findings will inform the next generation of interventions that have the ability to improve physical activity levels in a large number of Australians and reduce the prevalence of disease.
The Longitudinal Physical Activity And Sedentary Behaviour Of Preschool Children
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$131,181.00
Summary
Eating, play and activity habits become established in the preschool-aged period, and if unhealthy can lead to obesity. The Healthy Beginnings Trial works with first time mothers on positive nutrition and physical activity behaviours. At 2 years it has successfully reduced obesity. Longer term follow-up to five years will allow analysis of predictors of physical activity and screen time in relation to obesity. Qualitative data will help understand parenting in relation to physical activity.