Dissociating facial processing pathways for static and dynamic information. Abnormalities in social cognition are increasingly recognised as representing core features of a number of psychiatric disorders including autism, Aspberger's syndrome, and schizophrenia, however, the brain mechanisms underlying such abilities in the healthy brain are still not well understood. The current proposal aims to use Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to explore the role of specific brain regions in subserving a ....Dissociating facial processing pathways for static and dynamic information. Abnormalities in social cognition are increasingly recognised as representing core features of a number of psychiatric disorders including autism, Aspberger's syndrome, and schizophrenia, however, the brain mechanisms underlying such abilities in the healthy brain are still not well understood. The current proposal aims to use Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to explore the role of specific brain regions in subserving an important aspect of social functioning; the processing of facial information. As such, the study will significantly enhance our understanding of the neural mechanisms of such processes in healthy brains, thus also informing our understanding of the pathological mechanisms associated with these psychiatric conditions.Read moreRead less
Dual routes to fear and aversive motivation. Why do we experience frustration when the pleasant things we expect fail to appear and why is this frustration so aversive? This project shows how frustration is similar to fear and anxiety at the level of behaviour and brain function.
The neurocognitive basis of dual-task co-ordination impairment in Alzheimer’s: defective coordination mechanism or differences in speed of processing? This project explores the effects of age, depression and Alzheimer’s disease on the ability to carry out two tasks at once, to determine whether difficulty doing so is due to slowed mental processing, or to a deficit in a mechanism responsible for task coordination. The project will advance cognitive theory and may help with diagnosis of dementia.
How the brain produces speech. Speech production is a fundamental ability that enables human interaction through language. Brain injuries impair this ability, with profound negative consequences for the individual and their immediate family and friends. This project will increase our understanding of the brain mechanisms involved in producing speech by using state-of-the-art brain imaging techniques. The findings will inform future clinical research and improve the advice given to clinicians, pa ....How the brain produces speech. Speech production is a fundamental ability that enables human interaction through language. Brain injuries impair this ability, with profound negative consequences for the individual and their immediate family and friends. This project will increase our understanding of the brain mechanisms involved in producing speech by using state-of-the-art brain imaging techniques. The findings will inform future clinical research and improve the advice given to clinicians, patients and the broader community about the nature of language production and its impairments and ultimately the treatment of speech disorders.Read moreRead less
Revealing how the human brain coordinates body movements for applications in health and technology. This project will extend the basic understanding about how the brain controls the movements of our bodies, and how it changes to allow us to adapt and refine our movements. This project will generate information that is critical for applications in the fields of health (e.g. rehabilitation) and technology (e.g. human-machine interfaces).
The role of context in the acquisition, extinction and reinstatement of fear. Behavioural studies have identified a role for context in the development, extinction and reactivation of fear memories. Although there has been significant progress in delineating the neural pathways for fear conditioning, less is known about the substrates that represent the context of conditioning. This project studies the neural substrates of the processes by which context controls the acquisition, extinction and r ....The role of context in the acquisition, extinction and reinstatement of fear. Behavioural studies have identified a role for context in the development, extinction and reactivation of fear memories. Although there has been significant progress in delineating the neural pathways for fear conditioning, less is known about the substrates that represent the context of conditioning. This project studies the neural substrates of the processes by which context controls the acquisition, extinction and reactivation of fear memories. Specifically, it examines the role of information flow between the dorsal subiculum and the accumbens nucleus in the processes by which rats learn about environmental context and the control exerted by such contexts on fear memories.Read moreRead less
The sociopath amongst us: the neural basis of empathy disorders. Empathy is fundamental to human relations. Despite this, little is known about its underlying mechanisms. This project tests whether empathy relies upon us simulating the emotion of others in ourselves, and if so, at which stage this occurs. It is significant because it tests several competing theories to advance a coherent model of empathy that can be used to understand human social behaviour. It is innovative because it focuses o ....The sociopath amongst us: the neural basis of empathy disorders. Empathy is fundamental to human relations. Despite this, little is known about its underlying mechanisms. This project tests whether empathy relies upon us simulating the emotion of others in ourselves, and if so, at which stage this occurs. It is significant because it tests several competing theories to advance a coherent model of empathy that can be used to understand human social behaviour. It is innovative because it focuses on adults with brain lesions. This is a powerful means to examine brain mechanisms underpinning empathy, yielding insights not available from observation of healthy adults. It is expected to provide a leap forward in understanding the neuroscience of social behaviour.Read moreRead less
Noradrenaline in learning produced by negative prediction error. This project aims to examine the role of the neurotransmitter noradrenaline in error-driven learning. While dopamine may be involved in initial learning about events, updating this learning, notably when reward is omitted, involves noradrenaline. Predictive learning is adaptive; it allows animals to use information in the environment to anticipate and prepare for events. Animals can also update learned associations when confronted ....Noradrenaline in learning produced by negative prediction error. This project aims to examine the role of the neurotransmitter noradrenaline in error-driven learning. While dopamine may be involved in initial learning about events, updating this learning, notably when reward is omitted, involves noradrenaline. Predictive learning is adaptive; it allows animals to use information in the environment to anticipate and prepare for events. Animals can also update learned associations when confronted with new information and environmental contingencies. This project expects to provide information about how noradrenaline signals reward prediction errors and how predictive information is detected, encoded and modified using cutting edge behavioural and neuroscience tools.Read moreRead less
Motion and Spatial Coding in Vision. The results of this project will have implications for the design and implementation of artificial visual systems. Completion of this project will depend upon international collaboration - forging links between a young Australian investigator and outstanding overseas scientists as well as providing excellent training opportunities. Subsequent publication of the research in top-ranking international journals will further promote Australian science abroad.
Mapping and manipulating fear prediction errors. This project plans to use Pavlovian conditioning to map and then manipulate the brain architecture of fear prediction errors. It asks fundamental questions about how Pavlovian conditioning and associative learning enable us to learn to fear, to reduce fear, and to respond appropriately to danger. It aims to answer these questions with behavioural sophistication and previously unobtainable cell-type, temporal, and circuit-level precision. It aims t ....Mapping and manipulating fear prediction errors. This project plans to use Pavlovian conditioning to map and then manipulate the brain architecture of fear prediction errors. It asks fundamental questions about how Pavlovian conditioning and associative learning enable us to learn to fear, to reduce fear, and to respond appropriately to danger. It aims to answer these questions with behavioural sophistication and previously unobtainable cell-type, temporal, and circuit-level precision. It aims to provide new insights into the mechanisms of Pavlovian conditioning, associative learning, and emotion: insights that are necessary to shape the next generation of theoretical accounts and practical applications.Read moreRead less