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Epidemiology And Community Consequences Of Asbestos Exposure In WA
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$879,876.00
Summary
We aim to explore the impact of asbestos exposure on the health of individuals using the Wittenoom workers and residents cohort studies and the Australian community with the formation of a new community based cohort study. Using data from the Wittenoom workers and residents studies, we will examine the impact of asbestos exposure on women�s health which has not been looked at before. We will examine if asbestos exposure affects psychosocial health and determine if long term supplementation with ....We aim to explore the impact of asbestos exposure on the health of individuals using the Wittenoom workers and residents cohort studies and the Australian community with the formation of a new community based cohort study. Using data from the Wittenoom workers and residents studies, we will examine the impact of asbestos exposure on women�s health which has not been looked at before. We will examine if asbestos exposure affects psychosocial health and determine if long term supplementation with Vitamin A for cancer prevention results in an increased risk of bone fractures. We will also examine the genetic susceptibility of asbestos related diseases in these cohorts, and create and validate an algorithm to derive measures of fibre counts from occupational histories. Earlier projections of mesothelioma in the general community have been based on extrapolations from disease incidence in the past. We intend collecting data on a new community based cohort, to examine the distribution of asbestos in the community in order to predict future cases of asbestos related disease and the perception, beliefs and knowledge that exists in the community of its potential health effects. With this new knowledge we will devise an intervention program with the aim of preventing future cases of asbestos related disease. As part of this process we will use a multimedia website as an information hub. This will allow us to experiment with the use of creative media to present personal and community experiences of living with asbestos and present scientific research and public health messages.Read moreRead less
Addressing Injury In A Population Health Framework: An Integrated Approach To Prevention, Acute Care And Rehabilitation
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$2,351,750.00
Summary
In Australia, injury is the leading cause of death and disability in people aged under 55 years. It is also a major cause of morbidity and mortality in older persons and, overall, accounts for a substantial proportion of acute hospital services and long-term rehabilitation needs. This grant will build an internationally competitive research team focused on reducing the public health burden of injury.
Design features for correct use of child car restraints. This project aims to minimise incorrect use of child restraints, which triple the risk of injury to children in car crashes. One in two children travelling in cars are incorrectly restrained. Using naturalistic and epidemiological studies, this project will characterise child restraint design features that minimise errors related to the real world interaction between restraint design, parents and children, and determine the effectiveness o ....Design features for correct use of child car restraints. This project aims to minimise incorrect use of child restraints, which triple the risk of injury to children in car crashes. One in two children travelling in cars are incorrectly restrained. Using naturalistic and epidemiological studies, this project will characterise child restraint design features that minimise errors related to the real world interaction between restraint design, parents and children, and determine the effectiveness of using optimally designed restraints. This research will help child restraint manufacturers to improve their products and design better child restraint systems, that reduce injury to children in crashes.Read moreRead less
Modelling The Biology And Transmission Of Influenza Virus - Learning From 1918-19 And Other Outbreaks
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$114,222.00
Summary
In preparing for a future pandemic of influenza, it is important to learn as much as possible from what happened in the past, particularly from the devastating pandemic of 1918-19. This project will collate detailed information about the spread of influenza in past outbreaks and create a publicly accessible data-base. Mathematical methods will be used to analyse historic and contemporary data, so as to provide better understanding of the spread of influenza, and of the likely effects of social a ....In preparing for a future pandemic of influenza, it is important to learn as much as possible from what happened in the past, particularly from the devastating pandemic of 1918-19. This project will collate detailed information about the spread of influenza in past outbreaks and create a publicly accessible data-base. Mathematical methods will be used to analyse historic and contemporary data, so as to provide better understanding of the spread of influenza, and of the likely effects of social and medical measures for its control. An important theme of the project is to consolidate our knowledge about how past exposure to non-pandemic influenza could provide short-lived protection against any new pandemic, and to explore the implications of this for prevention today. Another theme is to explore the severity of influenza during pandemics, and to identify social and medical factors that might reduce the dose of virus transmitted, or otherwise reduce the severity of infection. The insights from the modeling will also help to identify gaps in knowledge and understanding about the basic biology of influenza, stimulate new research to fill those gaps, and thus offer the prospect of more effective vaccines and treatments for the future control of influenza.Read moreRead less
Discovery Early Career Researcher Award - Grant ID: DE170100726
Funder
Australian Research Council
Funding Amount
$381,000.00
Summary
Socioeconomic effects of fault attribution after a motor vehicle crash. This project aims to identify claimant and crash risk characteristics that predict elevated socio-economic burden on injured persons, compensation systems and the public health system. 19% of Australians injured in road trauma annually report long-term reductions in social participation and work capacity, and have costly health service needs. Attributions of fault lead to perceived injustice and affect the capacity to cope w ....Socioeconomic effects of fault attribution after a motor vehicle crash. This project aims to identify claimant and crash risk characteristics that predict elevated socio-economic burden on injured persons, compensation systems and the public health system. 19% of Australians injured in road trauma annually report long-term reductions in social participation and work capacity, and have costly health service needs. Attributions of fault lead to perceived injustice and affect the capacity to cope with trauma. This project will evaluate the effect of fault attributions on socioeconomic outcomes. Expected results include approaches for identifying those at greatest risk of poor outcomes who need additional support after a crash.Read moreRead less
Nurition Promotion And Population Health: A Program Addressing Behavioural, Social And Environmental Determinants
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$1,210,140.00
Summary
Good nutrition is important for health well-being by reducing the risk of diseases like heart disease, cancer and diabetes. However, a significant number of Australians do not eat diets that are consistent with existing health recommendations. While the health consequences of poor nutrition have been well-documented and there is a substantial body of research that describes this problem, much less research has focused on coming up with solutions. This research will explore the influences on Aust ....Good nutrition is important for health well-being by reducing the risk of diseases like heart disease, cancer and diabetes. However, a significant number of Australians do not eat diets that are consistent with existing health recommendations. While the health consequences of poor nutrition have been well-documented and there is a substantial body of research that describes this problem, much less research has focused on coming up with solutions. This research will explore the influences on Australian's eating patterns by examining the role of a range of personal, social and environmental factors in children and adults. The research will also test the effectiveness of innovative strategies to promote healthy eating.Read moreRead less
The Development And Evaluation Of Management Strategies Designed To Address Poly-morbidity In Older People: Implications
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$2,150,705.00
Summary
Medicines are used to prevent or manage the symptoms of chronic disease, and thus their appropriate use impacts significantly on the quality of life of the elderly. Poly-morbidity, multiple chronic health problems affecting the one individual, is a common and increasing issue in our ageing population. In Australia, 60% of 65 year olds have 2 or more chronic conditions, while 80% of 85 year olds have 4 or more chronic conditions. As a result, medicine use is almost universal in the older populati ....Medicines are used to prevent or manage the symptoms of chronic disease, and thus their appropriate use impacts significantly on the quality of life of the elderly. Poly-morbidity, multiple chronic health problems affecting the one individual, is a common and increasing issue in our ageing population. In Australia, 60% of 65 year olds have 2 or more chronic conditions, while 80% of 85 year olds have 4 or more chronic conditions. As a result, medicine use is almost universal in the older population and it is common for older patients to take multiple medications concurrently. There are no studies which report on current patterns of care and their outcomes in these patients. The use of individual disease-specific management guidelines may be problematic for those with poly-morbidity. Disease specific treatment guidelines often fail to take into account complexities that arise when patients suffer from more than one chronic disease particularly when it is common for one treatment to be both beneficial and harmful in the same person. In addition, the evidence for medicine-based treatment often comes from studies on younger people. Consequently, older patients with lower tolerance are at a greater risk of adverse drug reactions and are admitted to hospital as a result of such reactions at a disproportionately high rate. The aim of this study is to establish a methodology, by examination of two health databases, for developing guidelines to achieve the best possible outcomes for older Australians with common combinations of chronic conditions. This research will provide a better understanding of the consequences of current patterns of care for older people with multiple chronic conditions, and enable the development of improved approaches to care. We will demonstrate the methodology using selected commonly occurring combinations of chronic conditions in older Australians. More realistic guidelines generated by undertaking this analysis in these major population databases will reduce the extent to which the elderly are placed at risk of adverse drug reactions, and better enable health care practitioners, in consultation with their elderly patients, to ensure the best possible health and quality of life outcomes for many older Australian patients who suffer from two or more chronic conditions.Read moreRead less