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Aboriginal Australians are diagnosed with chronic kidney disease at approximately 10 times the rate of non-Aboriginal Australians. Since 2002, the ARDAC Study has examined the early markers of kidney and heart disease in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children and adolescents. The study aims to determine if the increased risk of chronic kidney and heart disease seen in Aboriginal adults begins during adolescence and young adulthood as an increased prevalence of chronic disease risk factors.
Improving The Cardiometabolic Health Of People With Psychosis: The Physical Health Nurse Consultant Service
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$667,021.00
Summary
People with psychosis have high rates of chronic disease that reduces lifespan by 25 years. The health system struggles to provide adequate care. We developed the Physical Health Nurse Consultant service that provides physical health care coordination and will evaluate whether it improves physical health, consumer experience and cost-effectiveness. Outcomes will directly address policy initiatives to improve physical health service delivery in mental health services.
Does Continuity Of Primary Care Reduce Demand On Emergency Department Presentations And Hospital Admissions?
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$793,864.00
Summary
Nearly 10% of admissions to hospital are thought to be potentially preventable. It has been proposed that timely and effective primary care services can prevent the onset of complications and reduce hospitalisations. This study will evaluate the influence of regular ongoing contact with a general practitioner on emergency department visits and preventable hospitalisations for patients with a range of national priority acute medical and chronic / complex conditions
Improving Quality Of Life In Late Stage Bipolar Disorder: RCT Of A Novel Psychological Treatment
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$1,083,620.00
Summary
Hundreds of thousands of Australians have bipolar disorder and receive minimal benefit from existing drug and psychological treatments. ORBIT 2.0 is a new low-intensity online treatment using mindfulness strategies to improve quality of life in this poorly served ‘late stage’ group. Pilot testing suggests ORBIT is effective. This project will refine the intervention and is expected to confirm its clinical and cost effectiveness prior to international roll-out.
Health Impacts Of Climate Change On Indigenous Australians: Identifying Climate Thresholds To Enable The Development Of Informed Adaptation Strategies
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$361,034.00
Summary
Closing the gap in Indigenous health and adapting to climate change are two major policy challenges for Australia. This project addresses these issues by providing quantitative and qualitative evidence of the disproportionate impacts of climate on the health of Indigenous people. This research will provide policy-relevant evidence to enable targeting of resources to develop effective climate adaptation strategies to reduce adverse health outcomes for Indigenous Australians from climate change.
RCT Of Aspirin And Fish Oil For The Prevention Of Thrombosis In Arterio-venous Fistulae For Dialysis Access
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$1,869,190.00
Summary
This randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial aims to determine whether the anti-platelet agents aspirin and fish oil, either alone or in combination, will effectively reduce the risk of early thrombosis (blood clots) in arterio-venous fistulae (AVF) that are used for accessing the circulatory system in dialysis. The trial is to be conducted by the Australasian Kidney Trials Network (AKTN). 1200 patients requiring haemodialysis who are scheduled to undergo creation of an AVF and are not cur ....This randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial aims to determine whether the anti-platelet agents aspirin and fish oil, either alone or in combination, will effectively reduce the risk of early thrombosis (blood clots) in arterio-venous fistulae (AVF) that are used for accessing the circulatory system in dialysis. The trial is to be conducted by the Australasian Kidney Trials Network (AKTN). 1200 patients requiring haemodialysis who are scheduled to undergo creation of an AVF and are not currently taking anti-platelet agents will be recruited over 3 years. AVF is the accepted standard for haemodialysis patients because it utilises the patient's own artery and vein to allow repeated access to the vascular system with a minimal risk of complications. Failure of the AVF means the use of inferior permanent venous catheters or arterio-venous artificial grafts. These devices are more costly to insert, and have an increased risk of failure due to infection and thrombosis. Reducing this rate of failure by simple, cheap and readily available interventions has the potential to reduce these problems. Aspirin has been chosen because of its well-established anti-thrombosis effects. Fish oil has a number of biological effects which make it an attractive agent for the prevention of vascular access thrombosis. Study treatment will be aspirin 100 mg per day or matching placebo, and fish oil 4 gm daily or matching placebo, both commencing on the day prior to surgery and continued for 3 months. If the trial demonstrates a positive effect of either or both agents, this will lead to a reduction in thromboses, quicker time to working dialysis access, and less need for surgery.Read moreRead less
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) Schedules For The Northern Territory (NT): Randomised Controlled Trial Of Booster Vaccines To Broaden And Strengthen Protection From Invasive And Mucosal Infections.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$2,078,861.00
Summary
Very few Indigenous children in remote communities have healthy ears or lungs; almost 20% have eardrum perforations. The associated hearing loss causes educational disadvantage with life long impacts on quality of life. New pneumococcal conjugate vaccines target a broader diversity of pathogens that cause eardrum perforation and lung infections, but the best schedules and combinations have not been tested. This randomised controlled trial will compare immune response, bacterial carriage and clin ....Very few Indigenous children in remote communities have healthy ears or lungs; almost 20% have eardrum perforations. The associated hearing loss causes educational disadvantage with life long impacts on quality of life. New pneumococcal conjugate vaccines target a broader diversity of pathogens that cause eardrum perforation and lung infections, but the best schedules and combinations have not been tested. This randomised controlled trial will compare immune response, bacterial carriage and clinical outcomes of different vaccine schedules.Read moreRead less
The Effect Of A Coordinated Care Intervention, Care Navigation, On The Readmission Rate Of Chronically Ill Patients At Nepean Hospital.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$735,481.00
Summary
Chronic illness is becoming more common in Australia as the population ages and as medical technology saves more lives from heart attack, diabetes and stroke with people suffering from these conditions then requiring continuing community care for years. How best to link hospital and community health services to serve patients at the beginning of their illness when they first come to hospital is the object of Care Navigation, a program based at Nepean Hospital in Western Sydney and surrounding co ....Chronic illness is becoming more common in Australia as the population ages and as medical technology saves more lives from heart attack, diabetes and stroke with people suffering from these conditions then requiring continuing community care for years. How best to link hospital and community health services to serve patients at the beginning of their illness when they first come to hospital is the object of Care Navigation, a program based at Nepean Hospital in Western Sydney and surrounding community.Read moreRead less
IMPROVE-CKD Study: Impact Of A Phosphate Binder On Cardiovascular Disease In Chronic Kidney Disease.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$1,596,698.00
Summary
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant health problem and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease. Vascular calcification and arterial stiffness (stiffening of the blood vessels and arteries) are very common in people with CKD, and are linked to increased death from CV events. This study aims to examine the ways in which treatment with a phosphate binder, Lanthanum Carbonate, may reduce vascular calcification and arterial stiffness to decrease CV events.
Understanding The Mechanisms Of Respiratory Viral Infection- And COPD-induced Predisposition To Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$593,888.00
Summary
Bacterial pneumonia is a major health problem particularly for children and the elderly. Bacteria are resistant to antibiotics and new treatments are urgently required. Viral infection and emphysema lead to increased risk of pneumonia. We will investigate the mechanisms of how viral infections and emphysema lead to pneumonia. We will then use new treatments to stop these mechanisms from occurring to prevent and treat pneumonia. This project may produce new treatments and cures for pneumonia.