The Regulation And Role Of Puma And P53 In IL-3 Withdrawal Induced Cell Death
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$527,683.00
Summary
It is the ultimate fate of most of our cells to die by committing suicide, because they are no longer required, are no longer functioning, or are potentially harmful. This normal physiological process is termed apoptosis . When cell death fails to occur, abnormal cells can accumulate and lead to cancer. Signalling from growth-factors is required for many cell types to survive. When these signals are lost, the cells activate their cell death pathways. It is a hallmark of cancer cells that they ha ....It is the ultimate fate of most of our cells to die by committing suicide, because they are no longer required, are no longer functioning, or are potentially harmful. This normal physiological process is termed apoptosis . When cell death fails to occur, abnormal cells can accumulate and lead to cancer. Signalling from growth-factors is required for many cell types to survive. When these signals are lost, the cells activate their cell death pathways. It is a hallmark of cancer cells that they harbour mutations in cell death genes and their dependence on growth factors for survival is diminished or lost. The genes of the apoptosis pathway function either to promote or inhibit cell death. Some genes in the apoptosis pathway allow apoptosis to proceed rapidly, but do not decide the fate of the cell. Other genes are required for a cell to commit to die, and if they are mutated then a functional cell, that is capable of proliferating, survives. This is a crucial distinction because it is only the genes that decide cell fate that can act as cancer genes, and are valid targets for therapy. We have identified one particular gene, Puma, as an important regulator of cell survival. Without this gene, cells survive longer without growth-factor and, importantly, can proliferate when growth factor is restored. Understanding how this gene functions and is regulated will contribute to our understanding of the gene mutations that lead to cancer and may identify valid targets for cancer therapy. In our model we use growth factor dependent cell lines derived from mice lacking particular genes in the cell death pathway, including Puma. These cells proliferate in the presence of growth factor, and allow us to determine the role of the genes when growth factor is withdrawn. Using this system, we will determine how Puma is able to induce cell death, what other genes are required to regulate this process and how loss of Puma function may contribute to cancer development.Read moreRead less
Defining The Molecular Regulators Of Apoptotic Cell Disassembly And Their Role In Cell Clearance And Lupus-like Autoimmune Disease
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$773,848.00
Summary
In humans, billions of cells will die daily as part of normal turnover in various organs. It is vital that dying cells are rapidly removed as their accumulation has been linked to autoimmunity and inflammation. To aid efficient removal of dead cells, dying cells can disassemble into smaller fragments for neighbouring cells to engulf. We aim to understand the machinery that controls how dying cells can disassemble into smaller pieces and their function in cell clearance and autoimmunity.
Elucidating The Mechanism And Function Of Cell Disassembly During Apoptosis
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$425,048.00
Summary
In humans, billions of cells will die daily in various organs as part of normal turnover and disease progression. During cell death, dying cells can disassembly in to smaller fragments, a process that could facilitate their removal, as well as mediate communication with other healthy cells. I aim to understand the machinery that control how dying cells can disassemble into smaller pieces and their function in influenza A infection.
Elucidating The Mechanism And Function Of Extracellular Vesicle Formation During Cell Death
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$318,768.00
Summary
In humans, billions of cells will die daily as part of normal turnover in various organs. It is vital that dying cells are rapidly removed as their accumulation has been linked to autoimmunity and inflammation. To aid efficient removal of dead cells, dying cells can disassemble into smaller fragments for neighbouring cells to engulf. We aim to understand the machinery that control how dying cells can disassemble into smaller pieces and their function in efficient cell clearance and autoimmunity.
Deciphering The Function Of Caspase-2 In DNA Damage Response And Tumour Suppression
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$808,007.00
Summary
Aberrant cell death and DNA damage response (DDR) are hallmarks of tumourigenesis. Recently we have discovered that an enzyme, caspase-2, previously implicated in cell death execution, also works in DDR and acts as a tumour suppressor. We now wish to validate these finding in preclinical models of cancer and understand precisely how caspase-2 safeguards against cancer development. These studies will help better understand tumourigenesis and may lead to the discovery of new drug targets.