Regulators Of Cell Cycle As Therapeutic Drug-targets For Cortical Tubular Hyperplasia In Proteinuric Renal Disease
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$219,750.00
Summary
Currently in Australia, it has been estimated that approximately 60 000 people suffer from chronic kidney failure (CKF). In at least 80% of people with CKF, the kidney function will continue to worsen (due to disease progression) to the point where end-stage kidney failure (ESKF) has developed. When the latter occurs daily treatment by either dialysis or kidney transplantation is mandatory for a person to survive. At present, there are nearly 10 000 patients with ESKF who are being treated by di ....Currently in Australia, it has been estimated that approximately 60 000 people suffer from chronic kidney failure (CKF). In at least 80% of people with CKF, the kidney function will continue to worsen (due to disease progression) to the point where end-stage kidney failure (ESKF) has developed. When the latter occurs daily treatment by either dialysis or kidney transplantation is mandatory for a person to survive. At present, there are nearly 10 000 patients with ESKF who are being treated by dialysis or transplantation, in Australia. Although these treatments have allowed patients to survive, they are associated with significant and unacceptable patient morbidity and mortality. Current medical treatments to reduce the disease progression of CKF (and thereby extend the time taken to reach ESKF) are non-specific, partially effective and have a variable response. Also, these treatments are NOT known to arrest the progression of CKF. To compound the overall problem even further, the number of new patients starting chronic dialysis programmes is increasing (by 6% per year). Consequently, ESKF has been described by leading authorities as a medical catastrophe of world-wide dimensions, and research into ways to reduce-arrest the progression of CKF has been recommended as an urgent priority by the Australian Kidney Foundation. In CKF, the kidneys undergo compensatory growth which is harmful and paradoxically contributes to disease progression. The aim of this research program is to advance knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of kidney growth in CKF, with specific goals of: (i) identifying new molecular targets for drug-based manipulation of kidney growth; and (ii) to test the efficacy of experimental drugs which have an ability to alter kidney growth, and thereby reduce the progression of CKF.Read moreRead less
Characterization Of Novel Inhibitors Of G1-S Phase Progression In Drosophila
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$456,000.00
Summary
Cancer is a disease that affects 1-3 people and therefore, understanding the mechanisms by which cancer arises is of major importance to medical science. Cancers arise through the accumulation of mutations that alter normal cell proliferation control, differentiation, cell death or cell movement. Many genes involved in cancer have been identified, however, there are likely to be many more genes, that when disrupted or misexpressed can lead to cancer. We are interested in the regulation of cell p ....Cancer is a disease that affects 1-3 people and therefore, understanding the mechanisms by which cancer arises is of major importance to medical science. Cancers arise through the accumulation of mutations that alter normal cell proliferation control, differentiation, cell death or cell movement. Many genes involved in cancer have been identified, however, there are likely to be many more genes, that when disrupted or misexpressed can lead to cancer. We are interested in the regulation of cell proliferation, and have been studying this in the genetically amenable animal model system, the vinegar fly, Drosophila. A key regulator of cell proliferation in all multicellular organisms is Cyclin E, which is required to drive cells from the G1 (resting state) into S phase (where DNA replication occurs). Correct control of Cyclin E is important in limiting cell proliferation and many cancer-causing mutations result in up-regulation of this critical cell cycle regulator. We have used a genetic approach to identify novel negative regulators of Cyclin E. This proposal seeks to further clarify the mechanism by which the identified Cyclin E interactors regulate cell cycle progression. In addition, this proposal seeks to identify the genes encoding other cyclin E interactors, expected to be novel tumor suppressors. The expected outcome of this project is to elucidate novel genes and mechanisms that control cell proliferation in the context of a whole organism. Due to the conservation of cell proliferation and signalling proteins, this proposal is relevant to understanding human cancer.Read moreRead less
Regulation Of Cell Proliferation By The Actin Cytoskeleton
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$607,795.00
Summary
The architecture of cells defines both their shape and function. It has been known for a long time that cell architecture controls the growth of cells and in particular their capacity to proliferate. We have identified part of the architectural system which controls this process. In this project we will establish how this works and its role in the body. This research will test whether this part of the cell�s architecture is a suitable drug target for the treatment of disorders in cell growth.
Molecular Mechanisms Of Mitotic Progression And The Anti-cancer Properties Of Anti-mitotic Agents
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$466,492.00
Summary
Mitosis is the final stage of the cell division cycle that produces two daughter cells. Incorrect localisation and modification of proteins that regulate this process cause cell division errors potentially leading to cancer. This project will characterise how key mitotic proteins co-operatively function to complete this process. This research will increase our understanding of the cell division errors that contribute to cancer development, ultimately identifying new targets for cancer therapy.
Ubiquitin And SUMO DNA Damage Response Signalling At Deprotected Telomeres During The Cell Cycle
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$302,627.00
Summary
Following genome damage cells stop the cell division process and initiate DNA repair. We discovered that at specific times during cell division his does not happen if the damage signals originate from the chromosome ends (i.e. “telomeres”). We anticipate this is necessary to prevent genomic instability in healthy cells and may be driving genomic instability in cancer cells. Experiments described here will elucidate the molecular mechanisms and biological significance of our observation.
Regulation And Function Of The Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase TCPTP In Mitosis
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$455,250.00
Summary
The cell cycle is a universal process by which cells reproduce and it underlies the growth and development of all living organisms. The most important events of the cell cycle concern the replication of chromosomal DNA during S phase and the separation of replicated DNA into progeny cells at mitosis. Mitosis is morphologically the most dynamic phase of the cell cycle and involves the precise coordination of many processes that are governed by reversible protein phosphorylation. Protein phosphata ....The cell cycle is a universal process by which cells reproduce and it underlies the growth and development of all living organisms. The most important events of the cell cycle concern the replication of chromosomal DNA during S phase and the separation of replicated DNA into progeny cells at mitosis. Mitosis is morphologically the most dynamic phase of the cell cycle and involves the precise coordination of many processes that are governed by reversible protein phosphorylation. Protein phosphatases play an important role in reversible protein phosphorylation and they are essential for mitosis. This grant proposal is focused on understanding the regulation and function of protein phosphatases in mitosis. Our studies will provide novel insight into processes mediating mitosis and may lead to the development of alternative strategies for treating cancer.Read moreRead less
Characterising The Mechanisms That Control Blood Cell Development
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$335,616.00
Summary
Hematopoiesis is a tightly regulated process that provides the body with a constant supply of all the cells of the blood system. My studies aim to characterize the molecular mechanisms that regulate the expansion and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) into each cell lineage. These studies will be key to the effective use of cellular transplantation therapeutic strategies and aim to provide a greater understanding of the mechanisms that underpin proliferative disorders such as can ....Hematopoiesis is a tightly regulated process that provides the body with a constant supply of all the cells of the blood system. My studies aim to characterize the molecular mechanisms that regulate the expansion and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) into each cell lineage. These studies will be key to the effective use of cellular transplantation therapeutic strategies and aim to provide a greater understanding of the mechanisms that underpin proliferative disorders such as cancer.Read moreRead less
The Molecular Mechanisms Of Abscission To Complete Cytokinesis
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$380,558.00
Summary
Cytokinesis is the final stage of cell division that produces two daughter cells. Incorrect localisation and modification of proteins that regulate this process cause cell division errors potentially leading to cancer. This project will characterise how key cytokinesis proteins co-operatively function to complete cytokinesis. This research will increase our understanding of the cell division errors that contribute to cancer development, ultimately identifying new targets for cancer therapy.
Understanding The Biological Regulation Of MLKL And Its Role In Necroptotic Cell Death
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$656,979.00
Summary
Cell death is a normal process that permits the growth and defence of our vital tissues. One kind of cell death, necroptosis, is characterized by the swelling and bursting of cells. When cells ‘explode’ in this uncontrolled way they provoke an inflammatory response. This may be a factor behind illnesses ranging from colitis to cardiovascular disease. Understanding necroptotic cell death may pave the way for new therapies for those that suffer from these devastating conditions.