Identifying The Site/s Of Modification On The Human L-type Ca2+ Channel Protein Isoforms During Oxidative Stress With Reference To Development Of A Therapeutic Target
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$360,369.00
Summary
A rise in calcium and free radicals in the heart are associated with the development of heart disease. We have good evidence that a protein in the heart muscle known as the L-type calcium channel mediates changes in calcium in response to free radicals. This proposal will identify how the channel function is altered by free radicals so that a therapeutic target can be designed to prevent altered channel function and development of heart disease during increases in free radicals.
Targeting PI3K-regulated MicroRNAs To Treat Heart Failure
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$532,593.00
Summary
Current therapeutics largely delay heart failure progression rather than regressing it. New therapeutic strategies with the capability of improving function of the failing heart are thus greatly needed. The primary goal of this study is to determine whether novel regulatory genes can enhance cardiac function in a setting of heart failure. Ultimately, technologies that target these genes may lead to innovative pharmacotherapies in the clinical management of heart failure.
Urotensin-II In Human Heart: Investigation Of Mechanisms Involved In Cardiac Function
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$255,990.00
Summary
The normal function of the body is maintained by naturally occurring compounds. Some for example affect the heart, fine tuning it to make it beat faster or slower, or beat with greater or less force when required in different situations in health and disease. We were the first to show just recently that a small protein which occurs naturally in the body, called urotensin-II can affect the way the heart beats. We showed that extremely tiny amounts increase the force of the heart beat. Our finding ....The normal function of the body is maintained by naturally occurring compounds. Some for example affect the heart, fine tuning it to make it beat faster or slower, or beat with greater or less force when required in different situations in health and disease. We were the first to show just recently that a small protein which occurs naturally in the body, called urotensin-II can affect the way the heart beats. We showed that extremely tiny amounts increase the force of the heart beat. Our findings indicate that urotensin-II is the most potent heart stimulator identified to date. In patients with heart failure, short term stimulation of heart contraction is beneficial, supplying the heart and other organs with vital oxygen and nutrients. However, in the long term excessive stimulation causes worsening of the patients condition. Very little is currently known about the way in which urotensin-II alters heart function. The goal of our study is to understand the mechanism involved in urotensin-II mediated effects on the heart. This will involve identifying the location of urotensin-II and its receptors in the heart, and determining what signalling changes occur after the interaction of urotensin-II with its receptors. Urotensin-II must first be cleaved from a larger drug. We will determine where in the heart this cleavage occurs and whether the process is crucial to the ability of urotensin-II to stimulate contraction of the heart. Since stimulators of heart contraction are detrimental to patients with heart failure in the long term, we will determine whether these patients have more urotensin-II in their blood than patients who do not have heart failure. If the levels of urotensin-II are higher in heart failure patients, it may indicate a need to interfere with the interaction of urotensin-II with its receptors.Read moreRead less
Australian Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium [AUS-ROC] CRE
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$2,668,571.00
Summary
The Australian Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium (Aus-ROC) will be modelled on the highly successful North American Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium. The mission of Aus-ROC will be to conduct clinical trials and observational studies into the emergency management of out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest. Building on our existing collaborative partnerships, our goal is to improve patient outcomes and build the research capacity in prehospital emergency care.
Improving The Long-term Outcomes Of The Australian And New Zealand Fontan Population
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$89,836.00
Summary
The Fontan procedure is the last of a series of operations offered to children born with hearts with a single pumping chamber. Without this procedure these children would die, however, with this procedure their long-term expectations are still uncertain. This study will investigate the long-term outcomes of the Australian and New Zealand Fontan population and how these outcomes can be improved.
Improving Nurse-administered Sedation Practice In The Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratory
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$320,891.00
Summary
This research will provide evidence to inform nursing management of the potentially life-threatening complications that are associated with the administration of sedation in the cardiac catheterisation laboratory. Three studies will be conducted: an investigation of the prevalence and risk factors of hypothermia after sedation; a randomised controlled trial of active warming to prevent hypothermia; and a study to determine whether audit and feedback improves patient safety during sedation.
Optimising Heart Disease Prevention And Management
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$4,647,175.00
Summary
As we become older and risk factors such as obesity become more common, our biggest contributor to death and disability, cardiovascular disease (including heart disease), will continue to exert an enormous burden on our health care system and society. We will extend our ground-breaking research on multidisciplinary teams to create new and innovative health care programs to optimise the prevention and management of new heart disease and chronic forms of heart disease.
Improving The Prevention, Treatment And Management Of Cardiovascular & Chronic Disease In The Community
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$774,540.00
Summary
The identification, prevention and management of cardiovascular and chronic disease risk factors and understanding impact on clinical outcomes is fundamental to improving health and well-being. The program of work encapsulated in this application utilises modern epidemiological research methods involving large scale clinical trials, registries and epidemiological modelling to advance our understanding and provide new directions for cardiovascular disease prevention and management.
Enhancing The Cardioprotective Effect Of Diadenosine Tetraphosphate: Designing Inhibitors Against Ap4A Hydrolase
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$442,500.00
Summary
Ischemia describes the condition where blood flow in the blood vessels of the heart is decreased or blocked, preventing delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the heart. Ischemic preconditioning is a phenomenon where short bursts of ischemia, followed by reperfusion, actually protect the heart from a subsequent longer period of ischemia. The biochemical signalling events involved in preconditioning are complex and incompletely defined, but most likely involve multiple pathways, although the mitocho ....Ischemia describes the condition where blood flow in the blood vessels of the heart is decreased or blocked, preventing delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the heart. Ischemic preconditioning is a phenomenon where short bursts of ischemia, followed by reperfusion, actually protect the heart from a subsequent longer period of ischemia. The biochemical signalling events involved in preconditioning are complex and incompletely defined, but most likely involve multiple pathways, although the mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium channel may be in common with most pathways. Pretreatment with the compound diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) mimics ischemic preconditioning with noticeable reductions in tissue necrosis (cell death). This treatment has been shown in experimental work to protect the heart during periods of stress such as in heart surgery or recovery from an ischemic event. The biological site of action by Ap4A may be the mitochondria ATP-dependent potassium channel or an associated protein. Ap4A can be degraded by enzymes located inside and on the outside of heart cells, notably by two forms of Ap4A hydrolase. We will use antibody assays to understand the specific localization and amount of Ap4A hydrolase before and after ischemia and after ischemic preconditioning in human heart muscle and blood vessels. We propose to determine the structure of the enzyme and use novel computer methods to screen databases for potential inhibitors. These inhibitors of Ap4A hydrolase activity could aid the design of a potent inhibitor that would prevent Ap4A hydrolase from degrading Ap4A and therefore enhance the cardioprotective properties of Ap4A as well as minimizing side effects from the break down of Ap4A. We will also use these inhibitors and other known non-degradable Ap4A analogues in bioassays to test the relative significance of Ap4A hydrolase present in different cellular locations.Read moreRead less
Sudden Cardiac Arrest: Improving Detection Of Patients At Risk
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$838,845.00
Summary
Sudden cardiac death accounts for ~10% of deaths in our community. Many of these deaths occur in people who could otherwise have had many more years of productive life ahead of them. The aim of our research is to determine the underlying mechanisms so that we can develop better tools for detecting underlying problems before they become life threatening and potentially develop new treatments to modify the underlying causes.