Sympathetic Control Of Cutaneous Blood Flow And Blood Pressure In Human Spinal Cord Injury
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$242,002.00
Summary
While spinal cord injury can cause devastating changes in the nervous system paralysis and loss of sensation relatively little is known about changes to the sympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system is intimately involved in the ongoing control of blood pressure, blood flow and temperature control. Loss of sympathetic control can occur following spinal cord injury. Interruption of descending pathways can result in partial or complete loss of sympathetic outflow from the thoracol ....While spinal cord injury can cause devastating changes in the nervous system paralysis and loss of sensation relatively little is known about changes to the sympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system is intimately involved in the ongoing control of blood pressure, blood flow and temperature control. Loss of sympathetic control can occur following spinal cord injury. Interruption of descending pathways can result in partial or complete loss of sympathetic outflow from the thoracolumbar segments. Complete decentralization can result in autonomic dysreflexia (autonomic hyperreflexia), in which sensory stimuli originating below the lesion evoke a reflex increase in sympathetic drive to the blood vessels, causing them to constrict. Because of this, blood pressure may rise suddenly and remain at such high levels that stroke and (occassionally) cardiac arrest may occur. This phenomenon, autonomic dysreflexia, is considered a medical emergency. The typical subjective signs of autonomic dysreflexia include a throbbing headache, tingling in the head or nasal congestion; sweating and flushing above the lesion are clinical signs that prompt medical staff to measure blood pressure and to locate the source of sensory irritation (usually a distended bladder or impacted colon, sometimes a pressure sore or ingrown toenail). Commonly, however, subclinical episodes go undetected, and this phenomenon of silent dysreflexia is of increasing concern. This project will develop means of assessing the integrity and state of the sympathetic nervous system below a lesion in patients with spinal cord injury and characterize the firing properties of reflexly activated sympathetic neurones.Read moreRead less
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Totally disconnected groups and their algebras. Groups are algebraic objects which convey symmetry much as
numbers convey size. For example, the symmetries of a
crystal form a crystallographic group and the classification of
crystallographic groups describes all possible crystal
structures. Totally disconnected groups arise as
symmetries of network structures having nodes and a `neighbour'
relation, as models of crystals do, but which are not rigid like
crystals. Powerful techniques for a ....Totally disconnected groups and their algebras. Groups are algebraic objects which convey symmetry much as
numbers convey size. For example, the symmetries of a
crystal form a crystallographic group and the classification of
crystallographic groups describes all possible crystal
structures. Totally disconnected groups arise as
symmetries of network structures having nodes and a `neighbour'
relation, as models of crystals do, but which are not rigid like
crystals. Powerful techniques for analysing totally
disconnected groups have recently been discovered and this
project aims to develop those techniques. The resulting
significant advances in the understanding of symmetry will
extend the range of applications of
group theory.
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