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Scheme : NHMRC Project Grants
Research Topic : attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
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  • Funded Activity

    The Genetics Of Cognitive Deficits In Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

    Funder
    National Health and Medical Research Council
    Funding Amount
    $675,512.00
    Summary
    Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric disorder of childhood that is marked by age-inappropriate levels of inattention and-or hyperactivity-impulsivity. The disorder appears genetic with a number of different genes likely contributing risk for ADHD. This project takes an innovative approach by asking whether there are different genetic profiles associated with children with ADHD who do or do not have neurocognitive deficits.
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    Funded Activity

    Imaging Genetics Of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

    Funder
    National Health and Medical Research Council
    Funding Amount
    $321,767.00
    Summary
    Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric disorder of childhood that is marked by age-inappropriate levels of inattention and-or hyperactivity-impulsivity. The disorder appears genetic with a number of different genes likely contributing risk for ADHD. This project takes an innovative approach by asking how risk genes for ADHD influence the brain activity of children with ADHD when they pay attention
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    Funded Activity

    Genetic Influences On The Comorbidity Between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder And Substance Use

    Funder
    National Health and Medical Research Council
    Funding Amount
    $244,852.00
    Summary
    Substance use (SU) problems are more common among individuals with a history of ADHD. However, the reasons for this relationship are unclear. Our study will examine the extent to which this relationship is due to shared genetic influences using data collected during interviews about ADHD and SU in a large sample of young adult twins, their siblings and their parents. The results will aid in developing treatments targeting the symptoms of ADHD and SU concurrently.
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    Funded Activity

    Impact Of A Sleep Intervention In Children With ADHD: A Randomised Controlled Trial

    Funder
    National Health and Medical Research Council
    Funding Amount
    $384,230.00
    Summary
    Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects up to 7.5% of Australian children. Between 50 and 70% of parents also report sleep problems (eg night waking, insomnia) in their child with ADHD. Such sleep problems are associated with poorer child behaviour, concentration, and school attendance as well as poorer parent mental health and work attendance. This randomised controlled trial will determine whether treating sleep problems in children with ADHD can improve these outcomes.
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    Funded Activity

    ADHD Grown-up: Genetic And Environmental Determinants Of The Adult Outcomes Of Childhood ADHD And Comorbid Conditions

    Funder
    National Health and Medical Research Council
    Funding Amount
    $289,542.00
    Summary
    ADHD remains a controversial issue especially in adulthood. There are many related behavioural problems including substance abuse, anxiety, depression, and personality disorders. Australia is such a focus for twin research that many twin families have taken part in several studies of different aspects of mental health over the years. This grant allows us to link the various datasets to create a unique longitudinal genetic resource and to examine the longterm outcomes.
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    Funded Activity

    Functional Characterisation Of Genetic Risk Variants For ADHD: From Association To Biology

    Funder
    National Health and Medical Research Council
    Funding Amount
    $526,816.00
    Summary
    ADHD is a prevalent behavioural disorder affecting a substantial proportion of the Australian public. Functional characterization of ADHD susceptibility genes will enhance our knowledge of the neurobiology and revolutionise the drug treatment of the disorder
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    Funded Activity

    Genetic And Physiological Mechanisms Of Executive Control

    Funder
    National Health and Medical Research Council
    Funding Amount
    $577,226.00
    Summary
    The question of how genetic variation contributes to individual differences in cognitive ability has fascinated scientists for decades. Arguably, executive control processes mediated by the frontal cortex are critical to our uniquely human ability for voluntary action, decision and will. Using a variety of novel innovations, this project will provide fundamental knowledge by developing a unique link between genetic, behavioural and neural indices of executive control.
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    Funded Activity

    Frontal-striatal-parietal Activation In Children With ADHD, Combined Type: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

    Funder
    National Health and Medical Research Council
    Funding Amount
    $91,750.00
    Summary
    Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, combined type (ADHD-CT) is a common neuropsychiatric disorder that has serious consequences for affected children's educational and social development and success in later life. Despite a large investment in research investigating aetiology and therapeutic strategies that arise from these aetiological investigations, ADHD-CT remains poorly understood and it is often viewed with therapeutic pessimism. Understanding the neurobiological basis of ADHD-CT is .... Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, combined type (ADHD-CT) is a common neuropsychiatric disorder that has serious consequences for affected children's educational and social development and success in later life. Despite a large investment in research investigating aetiology and therapeutic strategies that arise from these aetiological investigations, ADHD-CT remains poorly understood and it is often viewed with therapeutic pessimism. Understanding the neurobiological basis of ADHD-CT is of tremendous importance for the development of more specific and targeted medication and-or psychological treatments and, ultimately, to obtain the best clinical outcome for individual children with ADHD-CT. We have previously examined the function of frontal-striatal-parietal brain networks in adolescent boys with ADHD-CT, showing dysfunction of brain systems important for the control of visuospatial attention. In this project, we aim to examine whether these changes in frontal-striatal-parietal brain function also occur in pre-pubertal 8-12 year-old boys with ADHD-CT. This is important for two major reasons: Firstly, adolescents and young adults examined in previous brain imaging studies of ADHD-CT, including our own, are not truly representative of the core of the disorder, as ADHD-CT has its peak prevalence from 8 to 12 years of age. Secondly, by now comparing pre-pubertal ADHD-CT and healthy control children we can determine whether the changes in brain function we have previously identified represent developmental stage independent brain dysfunction that is characteristic of ADHD-CT.
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    Funded Activity

    Brain Activity Mapping In Attention Deficit Hyperactivi Ty Disorder

    Funder
    National Health and Medical Research Council
    Funding Amount
    $280,988.00
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    Funded Activity

    Randomised Controlled Trial Investigation Of A Non-stimulant In Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

    Funder
    National Health and Medical Research Council
    Funding Amount
    $588,960.00
    Summary
    Atomoxetine (ATMX) is a viable non-stimulant alternative to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), however, clinicians require more objective information on its effectiveness. This is the first study to examine the effectiveness of ATMX using objective cognitive and emotion markers in ADHD. The outcomes from this project will be a significant step towards a 'personalised medicine' approach to ADHD, providing clinicians with increased options in the treatment of ADHD. ADHD is cons .... Atomoxetine (ATMX) is a viable non-stimulant alternative to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), however, clinicians require more objective information on its effectiveness. This is the first study to examine the effectiveness of ATMX using objective cognitive and emotion markers in ADHD. The outcomes from this project will be a significant step towards a 'personalised medicine' approach to ADHD, providing clinicians with increased options in the treatment of ADHD. ADHD is considered the most common neurodevelopmental or child psychiatric disorder. ADHD affects approximately 10% of children and adolescents, in other words, 'at least one in every classroom'. ADHD has a significant burden, including treatment costs, family stress, loss of productivity, increased risk of drug abuse and accidents. It is increasingly clear that new medications need to be evaluated to make ADHD treatment more effective and efficient. The vast majority of medicated ADHD individuals are treated with stimulants, which are controlled substances. A large number do not respond to stimulant treatment, and in others the potential for abuse remains. Some ADHD report negative feelings about taking stimulants and there is growing concern about increasing prescription rates. ATMX is a recently approved non-stimulant (therefore, non-controlled) to treat ADHD, with evidence of clinical effectiveness. Yet, the impact of ATMX on objective measures of a range of cognitive and emotional function has not been studied. Several lines of evidence indicate it is effective for these functions. ATMX has been shown to alleviate inhibitory capacity, while stimulants have not. Of the 30% of ADHD who do not respond to stimulants, the least responsive are those categorized as 'internalizing' types who show allied anxiety. Common disturbances may underlie abnormal inhibitory capacity and impaired emotional recognition in ADHD that is best treated with ATMX rather than stimulants.
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