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The exciting field of small RNA research was the subject of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Medicine, and holds great potential in the diagnosis and prognosis of disease such as cancer. Recent clinical studies suggest that drugs inhibiting small RNAs called microRNA present novel therapeutic opportunities. By defining the non-specific effects of such drugs and investigating new avenues for their delivery, this project will secure the safe application of these drugs into the clinic.
Therapeutic Induction Of Dytrophin-positive Revertant Fibres In The Mdx Mouse
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$454,825.00
Summary
Revertant fibres are low-abundance, dystrophin-positive fibres found in muscle of DMD patients and animal models. These fibres appear to have a selective advantage over dystrophin negative fibres, as they accumulate with age. Characterisation of dystrophin mRNA has identified in-frame transcripts missing multiple exons, which either exclude a nonsense mutation or restore the reading frame around a deletion. We have designed antisense oligonucleotides (AOs) to bind regions flanking the exon conta ....Revertant fibres are low-abundance, dystrophin-positive fibres found in muscle of DMD patients and animal models. These fibres appear to have a selective advantage over dystrophin negative fibres, as they accumulate with age. Characterisation of dystrophin mRNA has identified in-frame transcripts missing multiple exons, which either exclude a nonsense mutation or restore the reading frame around a deletion. We have designed antisense oligonucleotides (AOs) to bind regions flanking the exon containing the dystrophin mutation in the mdx mouse. The AOs interfere with processing of the pre-mRNA to exclude the mutation and allow a slightly shortened dystrophin to be synthesised. The use of AOs to modify RNA processing allows the gene to function under the control of natural regulatory elements. We have shown that AOs can induce dystrophin expression and improve strength in dystrophic (mdx) mouse hindlimb muscles. We aim to improve upon these results by using AOs to block splice sites flanking consecutive exons, in order to induce dystrophin which mimics that of revertant fibres. As most revertant transcripts are missing multiple exons, we believe that the functional capacity of AO-induced dystrophin can be improved upon by removing multiple exons. An mdx mouse skeletal muscle cell line is used for evaluation AOs. However, in order to determine the efficacy of the induced dystrophin in cardiac and skeletal muscle, experiments must be performed on mice. Previous work, in vitro and in muscles of mdx mice have validated this approach. Combinations of AOs which show promise will be delivered by a) intravascular injection b) intraperitoneal injection in mdx mice. The efficacy of the treatment will be assessed by both continual and end point analysis, which includes physiological, clinical, molecular and histological testing. Particular attention will be directed to the well-being of the mice and any adverse side effects which may occur.Read moreRead less
The project aims to improve cochlear implant performance via integrated gene therapy. A neurotrophin gene cassette will be delivered to cells adjacent to the electrode array using electrical pulses. This drives regeneration of the auditory nerve fibres and considerably improves cochlear implant performance. This study will optimize the therapeutic gene construct and cochlear implant –based gene delivery controller, and undertake an initial clinical trial to evaluate safety and efficacy.
Treatment Of Genetic Liver Disease By Homologous Recombination In Vivo, Coupled With A Pharmoco-genetic Strategy For Selective Expansion Of Genetically Repaired Hepatocytes
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$920,836.00
Summary
This project seeks to exploit recent advancements in our ability to precisely “edit” and correct mutations underlying human genetic diseases. To improve therapeutic efficiencies of the system, we will deliver the technology using highly efficient virus-based systems and apply a novel post-repair selection process to preferentially repopulate the liver with gene-repaired cells. Demonstration of the strategy in a humanised mouse model will provide important preclinical data for human applications.
Development Of Novel Gene Therapy Vectors For Thalassaemia
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$287,307.00
Summary
Thalassaemia, is a common inherited disorder affecting haemoglobin synthesis. Synthesis of ?/?-globin chain is balanced during normal red blood cell production. Any disruption in the ratio of ?/?-globin chain results in anaemia. In this study, we will explore gene therapy strategies to restore balanced ?:? globin expression and ultimately improve the severely anaemic phenotype in ?-thalassaemia patients.
Thalassaemia, is a common inherited disorder affecting haemoglobin synthesis. Synthesis of ?/?-globin chain is balanced during normal red blood cell production. Any disruption in the ratio of ?/?-globin chain results in anaemia. In this study, we will explore gene therapy strategies to restore balanced ?:? globin expression and ultimately improve the severely anaemic phenotype in ?-thalassaemia patients.
In Vivo Gene Transfer And Phenotype Correction Of Normal And Urea-cycle Deficient Primary Human Hepatocytes In Chimeric Mouse-human Livers: Towards Gene Therapy For Metabolic Liver Disease
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$493,747.00
Summary
Genetic liver disease imposes a major health and economic burden. Existing medical treatments are frequently inadequate, often necessitating liver transplantation which carries its own limitations and risks. Using a gene therapy approach we have achieved life-long cure of mice with OTC-deficiency, a condition with a high risk of disability and death in affected infants. This application focuses on translating this success in mice through to human therapy.
Correction Of Friedreich Ataxia Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells By Non-viral Gene Therapy
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$63,270.00
Summary
Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is an inherited progressive disorder of the nervous system and heart. Stem cell therapy has the potential to repair or replace damaged tissues and restore organ function in FRDA patients. The defect inherent in stem cells obtained from FRDA patients will be corrected by a gene therapy approach that will restore normal FRDA gene expression and addresses major safety concerns for the clinical use of corrected stem cells in transplantation medicine.
Functional Restoration Of OTC Deficient Primary Human Hepatocytes In A Xenograft Model Using An AAV Vector Uniquely Configured For Impending Clinical Trial Use.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$235,525.00
Summary
The aim of this project is to acquire preclinical data which will underpin an international gene therapy trial for severe ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency, the most prevalent urea cycle defect in infants and children. In most severe cases, liver transplantation is required for long term survival. We, with colleagues at Stanford University, have recently developed a novel gene therapy tool for optimal targeting of human liver cells which will be tested in a humanised mouse model.
Preclinical Assessment Of Gene Therapy For Ventricular Arrhythmia
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$801,079.00
Summary
Up to 10% of patients are at risk of sudden death following myocardial infarction. Current treatment and preventative initiatives have their limits and are not without risk. In this proposal we will continue to develop an exciting new treatment approach using gene therapy technology. We will attempt to overcome some of the barriers for human application of this technology and pave the way for early phase clinical trials.