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Australia and the adjacent tropics are subject to incursions of exotic mosquitoes and the diseases they vector, especially dengue. The James Cook University Public Health Entomology is modernizing the control of mosquito-borne disease control in Australia. Our strategies involve using the bacteria Wolbachia to prevent dengue transmission, controlling dengue vectors using novel pesticides, and developing simple yet effective surveillance methods to detect dangerous pathogens in remote areas.
NHMRC Asia Pacific Centre For Innovative Dengue Prevention
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$2,753,925.00
Summary
World Health Organization estimates dengue incidence at around 50 million cases annually with increased frequency & severity of outbreaks in north Queensland over the last decade being mirrored around the world. The NHMRC Asia Pacific Centre for Innovative Dengue Prevention will be a world leading research facility, co-supported by Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Grand Challenges in Global Health, focussed on the discovery and implementation of innovative methods to eliminate dengue.
Novel Insights Into The Mechanisms Of How Chikungunya Virus Cause Disease In Humans
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$554,808.00
Summary
Many of the most dangerous and easily transmitted infectious agents are viruses. The emergence of chikungunya virus globally and the recognition of this pathogen in the aetiology of chronic diseases show the need for a better understanding of how the virus cause disease. The expected outcomes are a better understanding of human alphaviral diseases, with a view to improving prevention and treatment strategies to reduce the disease burden of CHIKV and related viruses.
Improving Treatment Strategies For Chronic Alphaviral Arthritic Diseases
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$643,624.00
Summary
Chikungunya virus and Ross River virus cause epidemics of acute and chronic arthritic disease in humans, which is often poorly managed with current treatments. This grant seeks to understand the mechanisms that give rise to disease in order to identify improved treatment strategies. Both the persistence of viral replication in joint tissues and unnecessary inflammatory responses appear to be important factors driving chronic disease.
Populations of viruses in an host can be very diverse and just as the behaviour of a population of humans can be very different to the behaviour of individuals in them, populations of viruses behave differently to the behaviour of individuals in them. This diversity may provide a survival advantage to the virus and it also may regulate the severity of the symptoms in an infected host. This study will provide important new information that will drive vaccine strategies and public health policy.
Dengue is a serious viral disease that is spread by mosquitoes. Dengue results in hundreds of thousands of children and young adults being hospitalized in Asia every year, and some patients die. There is no vaccine or specific treatment. In this fellowship I will lead a research program that aims provide doctors with the tools to diagnosis and treat dengue more efficiently and to develop a novel biological control to prevent dengue being transmitted by mosquitoes.
New Vectors, New Diseases: Understanding The Risk Of Chikungunya Transmission In Australia
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$522,580.00
Summary
Chikungunya is a febrile illness that can lead to chronic, debilitating joint pain in adults and severe neurological complications in children. Introductions of this virus into Australia have steadily increased in recent years. We will estimate the risk of chikungunya transmission in Australia now and into the future, and deliver the results to public health authorities to reduce the risk of outbreaks in Australia.
Virulence Determinants Of Encephalitic Flaviviruses
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$455,670.00
Summary
Murray Valley encephalitis, Japanese enecephaltis virus and West Nile virus are mosquito transmitted pathogens that cause severe and fatal neurological diseases in man and animals. Currenly, it is not clear why these viruses produce such severe diseases and therefore they are difficult to treat and prevent. In this project we will indentify the components of the viruses that allow them to invade the central nervous sytem and cause neurological symptoms. This will provide valuable information on ....Murray Valley encephalitis, Japanese enecephaltis virus and West Nile virus are mosquito transmitted pathogens that cause severe and fatal neurological diseases in man and animals. Currenly, it is not clear why these viruses produce such severe diseases and therefore they are difficult to treat and prevent. In this project we will indentify the components of the viruses that allow them to invade the central nervous sytem and cause neurological symptoms. This will provide valuable information on critical elements of these pathogenic viruses that contribute to their virulence and will identify new candidate vaccines for prevention of the encephalitic diseases they cause.Read moreRead less
Immune Correlates Of Early Corticosteroid Therapy In Vietnamese Children And Young Adults With Dengue
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$467,073.00
Summary
Dengue is a globally important infectious disease. This study will seek to understand how corticosteroids, an immune modulating class of drug, effect the immune responses in children with dengue. The basis for this study is a randomised controlled trial at a large hospital in Viet Nam that treats many patients with dengue. We expect to obtain the laboratory evidence needed to support further clinical trials of this drug and in doing so we will improve our understanding of dengue.
Structure, Function And Cellular Trafficking Of The Flavivirus NS1 Protein
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$496,500.00
Summary
Flaviviruses are spread mainly by mosquitoes or ticks and include globally important pathogens such as yellow fever, dengue, Japanese encephalitis and West Nile. This proposal seeks to elucidate the precise function of a component of the virus ( the NS1 protein) essential for its infection cycle. We will analyse the structure and function of this protein and its role in viral disease. A complete understanding of the replication cycle of these viruses will shed further light on how they have evol ....Flaviviruses are spread mainly by mosquitoes or ticks and include globally important pathogens such as yellow fever, dengue, Japanese encephalitis and West Nile. This proposal seeks to elucidate the precise function of a component of the virus ( the NS1 protein) essential for its infection cycle. We will analyse the structure and function of this protein and its role in viral disease. A complete understanding of the replication cycle of these viruses will shed further light on how they have evolved to replicate in animal cells and provide valuable information for the design of safe, new generation antiviral drugs and vaccines.Read moreRead less