Australia and the adjacent tropics are subject to incursions of exotic mosquitoes and the diseases they vector, especially dengue. The James Cook University Public Health Entomology is modernizing the control of mosquito-borne disease control in Australia. Our strategies involve using the bacteria Wolbachia to prevent dengue transmission, controlling dengue vectors using novel pesticides, and developing simple yet effective surveillance methods to detect dangerous pathogens in remote areas.
NHMRC Asia Pacific Centre For Innovative Dengue Prevention
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$2,753,925.00
Summary
World Health Organization estimates dengue incidence at around 50 million cases annually with increased frequency & severity of outbreaks in north Queensland over the last decade being mirrored around the world. The NHMRC Asia Pacific Centre for Innovative Dengue Prevention will be a world leading research facility, co-supported by Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Grand Challenges in Global Health, focussed on the discovery and implementation of innovative methods to eliminate dengue.
Novel Insights Into The Mechanisms Of How Chikungunya Virus Cause Disease In Humans
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$554,808.00
Summary
Many of the most dangerous and easily transmitted infectious agents are viruses. The emergence of chikungunya virus globally and the recognition of this pathogen in the aetiology of chronic diseases show the need for a better understanding of how the virus cause disease. The expected outcomes are a better understanding of human alphaviral diseases, with a view to improving prevention and treatment strategies to reduce the disease burden of CHIKV and related viruses.
Improving Treatment Strategies For Chronic Alphaviral Arthritic Diseases
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$643,624.00
Summary
Chikungunya virus and Ross River virus cause epidemics of acute and chronic arthritic disease in humans, which is often poorly managed with current treatments. This grant seeks to understand the mechanisms that give rise to disease in order to identify improved treatment strategies. Both the persistence of viral replication in joint tissues and unnecessary inflammatory responses appear to be important factors driving chronic disease.
Advancing Enhanced Biosecurity Of Major Arboviral And Other Vector-borne Diseases In Australia Through Near Infrared Spectroscopy Technology
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$754,983.00
Summary
Infectious diseases transmitted by mosquitoes and ticks represent a significant health threat to the Australian biosecurity. Current detection methods for these pathogens are expensive, time consuming and require highly trained personnel. We propose to conduct a set of experiments to test an innovative, real time technique based on infrared light to identify infected mosquitoes and ticks and demonstrate its capacity as surveillance tool for vector control programs against these pathogens.
The Role Of Glycans In Arboviral Disease; From Immunomodulation To Glycotherapeutic Treatment Strategies
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$419,180.00
Summary
Dengue and chikungunya viruses are leading causes of emerging mosquito-transmitted (arboviral) disease worldwide. Currently there are no available vaccines or therapeutics making combatting these arboviral diseases one of our most pressing global health challenges. Preliminary evidence shows that glycan recognition is critical for disease immunopathogenesis. This project focuses on the role of viral glycans in arboviral disease with the aim of identifying and expanding on new therapeutic targets
Populations of viruses in an host can be very diverse and just as the behaviour of a population of humans can be very different to the behaviour of individuals in them, populations of viruses behave differently to the behaviour of individuals in them. This diversity may provide a survival advantage to the virus and it also may regulate the severity of the symptoms in an infected host. This study will provide important new information that will drive vaccine strategies and public health policy.
Arbovirus Activation And Modulation Of NLRP3 Inflammasome
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$779,720.00
Summary
This project aims to establish how mosquito borne viruses such as Ross River and dengue viruses interacts with the human host to cause disease, including how the virus evades the host’s immune response to persist and cause disease for prolonged periods. Knowing how differences in the virus and the host’s immune system interplay to cause asymptomatic to severely disabling disease will assist in devising new treatments and prevention programs to lessen the impact of these diseases in Australia.
Dengue is a serious viral disease that is spread by mosquitoes. Dengue results in hundreds of thousands of children and young adults being hospitalized in Asia every year, and some patients die. There is no vaccine or specific treatment. In this fellowship I will lead a research program that aims provide doctors with the tools to diagnosis and treat dengue more efficiently and to develop a novel biological control to prevent dengue being transmitted by mosquitoes.
Can Lure And Kill Strategies Prevent Dengue Transmission In North Queensland, Australia
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$318,621.00
Summary
Dengue fever is a growing threat to human health in the tropics. In north Queensland, 11 dengue outbreaks have resulted in 985 confirmed cases since 2000. Furthermore, 2004 saw the emergence of severe disease, with 4 cases of dengue haemorrhagic fever resulting in at least one death in the Torres Strait. The current dengue managment plan employs methods to control larvae and adults of the mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti. Adult control consists of spraying dark, protected areas inside houses and b ....Dengue fever is a growing threat to human health in the tropics. In north Queensland, 11 dengue outbreaks have resulted in 985 confirmed cases since 2000. Furthermore, 2004 saw the emergence of severe disease, with 4 cases of dengue haemorrhagic fever resulting in at least one death in the Torres Strait. The current dengue managment plan employs methods to control larvae and adults of the mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti. Adult control consists of spraying dark, protected areas inside houses and buildings with a residual pyrethroid insectcide. However, this method is laborious and exposes residents and the environment to pesticide. Our research team, funded by NHMRC project grant no. 279401, has developed lure and kill methods to kill Ae. aegypti mosquitoes using traps. These traps are baited with chemicals that attract female dengue mosquitoes trying to bite (host-seeking traps; HSTs) or trying to lay eggs (lethal ovitraps; LOs). The use of traps to kill specific target insects is termed lure and kill strategy. This strategy reduces the amount of pesticide used by 1000X, and are twice as fast to employ than house spraying. We are seeking funding to conduct a series of field trials to provide proof of concept that the lure and kill strategy will rapidly reduce populations of Ae. aegypti and thus stop dengue transmission. These trials will be conducted in the Cairns area. We will also trial a biodegradable lethal ovitrap that could be put into yards without having to return to retrieve the trap. The trap would simply biodegrade after 4 weeks, and thus pose no threat to become a mosquito breeding site once the pesticide had become ineffective. A biodegradable trap would be especially useful in the Torres Strait where return visits are costly and time consuming. Finally, we propose to trial a new paper strip device that emits vapors of the pyrethriod insecticide metofluthrin, shown to repel mosquitoes for weeks, to set in dengue case houses.Read moreRead less