AUSLearn: AUtomated Sample Learning for Object Recognition. This project aims to enable computers to learn how to effectively use training samples for object recognition. Training sample is the only source used by computers to learn recognising objects. This project creates a new research direction that will enable the first full exploration of the power of samples. The aims will be enabled by leveraging the recent advances in reinforcement learning, fast training algorithms, and by developing n ....AUSLearn: AUtomated Sample Learning for Object Recognition. This project aims to enable computers to learn how to effectively use training samples for object recognition. Training sample is the only source used by computers to learn recognising objects. This project creates a new research direction that will enable the first full exploration of the power of samples. The aims will be enabled by leveraging the recent advances in reinforcement learning, fast training algorithms, and by developing novel deep learning algorithms. The new algorithms will benefit a wide range of applications, e.g. to effectively use car crash training samples for accurately identifying potential road crashes in transport and to effectively use rare medical imaging training data for robustly diagnosing diseases in health.Read moreRead less
How is the blood cell population size controlled? Macrophage-like cells are an ancient animal blood cell lineage critically important for development, immunity, and homeostasis. This fellowship seeks to reveal the genes and control mechanisms used by animals to achieve an optimally-sized army of these cells - to contain threats for survival upon infection, heal following acute stress exposures, or for development, ongoing maintenance, and repair of wear and tear. By marrying the genetic tractabi ....How is the blood cell population size controlled? Macrophage-like cells are an ancient animal blood cell lineage critically important for development, immunity, and homeostasis. This fellowship seeks to reveal the genes and control mechanisms used by animals to achieve an optimally-sized army of these cells - to contain threats for survival upon infection, heal following acute stress exposures, or for development, ongoing maintenance, and repair of wear and tear. By marrying the genetic tractability of the model organism Drosophila and its simple, yet conserved blood cell system, this project will yield new insights into the mechanisms that govern the animal blood cell population. This will benefit our fundamental understanding of how animals maximise their health throughout life.Read moreRead less
Understanding the determinants of age-related muscle wasting in females . This project aims to investigate the fundamental mechanisms underlying age-related muscle wasting in females. Females live longer than males and are more susceptible to the consequences of muscle ageing. Yet, our current knowledge is overwhelmingly inferred from findings from male cohorts. By comprehensively mapping the functional, molecular and epigenetic mechanisms of ageing in female muscle, this project will generate n ....Understanding the determinants of age-related muscle wasting in females . This project aims to investigate the fundamental mechanisms underlying age-related muscle wasting in females. Females live longer than males and are more susceptible to the consequences of muscle ageing. Yet, our current knowledge is overwhelmingly inferred from findings from male cohorts. By comprehensively mapping the functional, molecular and epigenetic mechanisms of ageing in female muscle, this project will generate new, fundamental knowledge that will allow a unique interpretation of previous research through a sex-specific lens. This knowledge will contribute to better inform sex-specific models of research and practice in the future, ultimately delivering economic and social benefits for Australia and international communities.Read moreRead less
Spatiotemporal signatures of learning in brain reward systems. Learning to strengthen behaviours that secure resources and warrant survival is one of the primary functions of the brain. This Project seeks to establish the rules that govern the integration of learning in brain reward systems by studying how neuronal circuits change their molecular signatures as animals assimilate new knowledge. These studies will combine novel experimental designs to investigate learning with multidisciplinary me ....Spatiotemporal signatures of learning in brain reward systems. Learning to strengthen behaviours that secure resources and warrant survival is one of the primary functions of the brain. This Project seeks to establish the rules that govern the integration of learning in brain reward systems by studying how neuronal circuits change their molecular signatures as animals assimilate new knowledge. These studies will combine novel experimental designs to investigate learning with multidisciplinary methods for mapping, recording and functionalising teaching signals in behaving mice. The outcomes will create a significant shift in our understanding of the neural bases that underlie reward learning, and will critically expand the field by providing a new model of learning integration in brain systems.Read moreRead less
The Systems Biochemistry of Adaptation in Cellular Protein Networks. A living cell must process and interpret a host of diverse signals using a complex network of interacting proteins inside the cell. The detailed molecular mechanisms by which cells exhibit adaptation to these signals remains a fundamental question in biology. This project aims to develop a novel mathematical framework for analysing the capacity of intracellular protein interactions to contribute to cellular adaptation, along ....The Systems Biochemistry of Adaptation in Cellular Protein Networks. A living cell must process and interpret a host of diverse signals using a complex network of interacting proteins inside the cell. The detailed molecular mechanisms by which cells exhibit adaptation to these signals remains a fundamental question in biology. This project aims to develop a novel mathematical framework for analysing the capacity of intracellular protein interactions to contribute to cellular adaptation, along with a novel methodology for validating mathematical models against experimental data. These innovations offer a completely fresh approach to identifying and modulating the adaptive capacities of living cells, which may contribute to overcoming the problem of drug resistance in future therapeutic development.
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Advancing human movement evaluation using artificial intelligence. Human movement disorders affect one-third of Australians; however, conventional approaches to assessing joint motion are costly and largely clinic- or laboratory-based. This project aims to combine biomechanical modelling and advanced machine learning to non-invasively produce accurate, low-cost, user-friendly shoulder and elbow joint angle measurements using wearable inertial sensors. The technology will enable a non-expert to o ....Advancing human movement evaluation using artificial intelligence. Human movement disorders affect one-third of Australians; however, conventional approaches to assessing joint motion are costly and largely clinic- or laboratory-based. This project aims to combine biomechanical modelling and advanced machine learning to non-invasively produce accurate, low-cost, user-friendly shoulder and elbow joint angle measurements using wearable inertial sensors. The technology will enable a non-expert to obtain reliable kinematics data in any location. Accurate, wearable motion measurement will benefit next-generation healthcare including telemedicine and remote rehabilitation for isolated communities, performance monitoring of elite athletes and military personnel, and the gaming and film/animation industries.Read moreRead less
Awaking quiescent neural stem cells. This project aims to generate new knowledge in the area of the evolutionary size of animals and plants, which is determined by intrinsic cell regulation and is constrained by nutrient availability. Brain size is perhaps the most profound example of this. Brain size regulation is underpinned by control of proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs). Using Drosophila NSCs, the project will examine how nutrients impact on NSC quiescence versus activation, a key ch ....Awaking quiescent neural stem cells. This project aims to generate new knowledge in the area of the evolutionary size of animals and plants, which is determined by intrinsic cell regulation and is constrained by nutrient availability. Brain size is perhaps the most profound example of this. Brain size regulation is underpinned by control of proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs). Using Drosophila NSCs, the project will examine how nutrients impact on NSC quiescence versus activation, a key characteristic of stem cell control throughout evolution. This will increase our understanding of how energy metabolism and nutrition influence organ size control in multicellular organisms, by determining how organs communicate with each other to convert nutrient signals to action stem cell proliferation.Read moreRead less
Platform technology to decode motor control through ultra high-field MRI. This project aims to advance our understanding of the poorly understood neural circuits that enable fine motor control in humans. To obtain this knowledge, new platform technology will be developed to capture the full kinematics of the hand during concurrent functional magnetic resonance imaging at ultra high-field. This device will allow testing of fundamental theories describing the canonical microcircuits involved in ha ....Platform technology to decode motor control through ultra high-field MRI. This project aims to advance our understanding of the poorly understood neural circuits that enable fine motor control in humans. To obtain this knowledge, new platform technology will be developed to capture the full kinematics of the hand during concurrent functional magnetic resonance imaging at ultra high-field. This device will allow testing of fundamental theories describing the canonical microcircuits involved in hand motion. Expected outcomes include new evidence of mirror neurons and observation of predictive error signals in the motor cortex. This new knowledge paves the way towards improved computer-brain interface technology which is likely to create benefits through translation to applications such as artificial limb control.Read moreRead less
Decoding miRNA regulated genetic circuits. This project will aim to develop a much better understanding of how the process of making proteins from genes is regulated, and will develop scientific software capable of predicting how a cell will respond to changes in this regulation. The results will have widespread use, including assistance in deciding the best treatments for genetic diseases.
Imaging metal homeostasis in the ageing brain. This fellowship aims to deliver new tools to visualise how changes to blood vessels during ageing effect the amount and distribution of metal ions in brain cells in animal models. This will be a significant advance as current methods cannot image these parameters. Metal ions are essential for brain function, but the effects of ageing on metal ions within brain cells is largely unknown. The results are expected to associate brain-blood vessel permeab ....Imaging metal homeostasis in the ageing brain. This fellowship aims to deliver new tools to visualise how changes to blood vessels during ageing effect the amount and distribution of metal ions in brain cells in animal models. This will be a significant advance as current methods cannot image these parameters. Metal ions are essential for brain function, but the effects of ageing on metal ions within brain cells is largely unknown. The results are expected to associate brain-blood vessel permeability with changes to metal ion content during ageing. The methods developed, and the fundamental new knowledge they reveal will benefit national and international neuroscientists seeking to elucidate the fundamental neurobiology of metal ions with respect to maintaining healthy brain function.Read moreRead less