Adult Consequences Of Childhood Exposure To Psychological Trauma
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$292,530.00
Summary
The importance of childhood experience to adult adjustment (DOES THIS MAKE SENSE) is an issue of general public health interest. In particular, in the area of personality development, there are a number of theories concerning the importance of childhood experience and developmental stresses on later personality, development, psychological functioning and physical health. More recently there has been debate on the accuracy with which adults areable to remember traumatic experiences in childhood. ....The importance of childhood experience to adult adjustment (DOES THIS MAKE SENSE) is an issue of general public health interest. In particular, in the area of personality development, there are a number of theories concerning the importance of childhood experience and developmental stresses on later personality, development, psychological functioning and physical health. More recently there has been debate on the accuracy with which adults areable to remember traumatic experiences in childhood. This study will follow a group of 808 primary school children who were exposed to the 1983 Ash Wednesday bushfires in SOuth Australia. They were involved in a study which examined them two months, eight months and twenty six months after the disaster. This rich descriptive set of information about these children and their families forms an objective data base against which their adult recall of the experience can be judged. The symptoms of these children were also documented at the time as was their disaster exposure. The impact of this one event, in the context of the other developmental influences will be examined as determinants of their adjustment in adult life. Finally, there has been an increasing interest in the way that previous traumatic exposure influences the nature of the hormonal response to stress. Using a test of functioning of the cortisol system, the stress response of this population will be compared with a control population who were also studied at the time of the original disaster.Read moreRead less
What Contributes To Regional Vulnerability In Neurodegenerative Diseases? A Study Of Familial Cases.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$456,655.00
Summary
Unfortunately, as many people live longer, more and more are afflicted by degenerative changes that affect their brain. These neurodegenerative diseases are usually relentlessly progressive and with time render patients incapable of many normal functions. For some families with certain genetic defects, these diseases occur aggressively and early. We would like to study the brains of patients from these families because in most cases the proteins affected by the gene defect have been identified. ....Unfortunately, as many people live longer, more and more are afflicted by degenerative changes that affect their brain. These neurodegenerative diseases are usually relentlessly progressive and with time render patients incapable of many normal functions. For some families with certain genetic defects, these diseases occur aggressively and early. We would like to study the brains of patients from these families because in most cases the proteins affected by the gene defect have been identified. However, despite knowing this important information, the reasons for the death of brain cells are still not understood. This project will provide important new information on which brain cells died in these patients and on the relationship between such cell death and any cellular protein changes. By comparing patients with different genetic defects we will be able to identify the main cellular mechanisms underlying these degenerative changes. This information is essential for the rational design of further experiments aimed at reducing the suffering of all patients with neurodegenerative diseases or at eliminating these diseases altogether.Read moreRead less
Neurocognitive Correlates Of Transition From Ultra-high Risk Mental State To Schizophrenia
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$1,590,053.00
Summary
Understanding the changes in the brains of young people when they are developing a severe mental illness is the objective of this research. State-of-the-art brain imaging and brain function data will be prospectively collected from more than 500 young people considered at ultra high risk of developing schizophrenia, the most severe of mental illnesses for which no cure exists. We aim to identify early brain changes in schizophrenia, thus allowing for more effective early intervention.
The Older Australian Twins Study (OATS) Of Healthy Brain Ageing And Age-related Neurocognitive Disorders
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$940,960.00
Summary
Ageing is associated with cognitive decline and dementia. It is still not completely understood what relative contributions genes and environment play in these. This project is an extension of the Older Australian Twins Study to examine genetic and environmental factors associated with late life brain changes and dementia, and will establish an internationally significant cohort for novel discovery.
Genetic And Environmental Risk Factors For Colorectal Cancer: Anatomic Site Specificity
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$560,000.00
Summary
Cancer of the large bowel (colorectal cancer) is the second most common cancer in Australians and is becoming more common. Despite this, there is still much uncertainty about what causes some people to develop this cancer. We believe that some of this uncertainty arises because there are actually different causes of cancer for different sections of the colon and rectum. This study aims to collect information from 1000 people with colorectal cancer and 1000 people without colorectal cancer, and c ....Cancer of the large bowel (colorectal cancer) is the second most common cancer in Australians and is becoming more common. Despite this, there is still much uncertainty about what causes some people to develop this cancer. We believe that some of this uncertainty arises because there are actually different causes of cancer for different sections of the colon and rectum. This study aims to collect information from 1000 people with colorectal cancer and 1000 people without colorectal cancer, and compare various factors such as their genetic makeup, diet, AND lifestyle. We expect to find that some factors are more common in people with cancer in the upper parts of the bowel, while other factors are more common in people with cancer in the lower parts of the bowel. This kind of information can be used to design programs to prevent colorectal cancer. For example, we might advise people to exercise more or eat more fish in order to decrease their chances of developing this cancer.Read moreRead less
Neurodevelopmental Risk Factors For Depression From Childhood To Early Adulthood
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$470,144.00
Summary
To understand who is at risk for depression, we need to understand how both the environment and biological factors promote risk at specific times in the life cycle. This research project will examine such risk factors in different phases of life (from in utero to early adulthood) using a developmental framework. The results of this research will provide a clearer basis for the design of prevention strategies that target individuals, their families and/or broader environmental factors.