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Understanding The Role Of NS Segments In Evading Influenza A Virus-specific Humoral And T Cell Immunity
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$213,812.00
Summary
Influenza viruses developed two ways to survive against host immune response: (i) mutating in its genes to escape host immune response, which may cause a new pandemic; (ii) using its NS1 protein to impair host immune response. However, little is known on how these two processes occur and whether NS1 could influence the outcome of escape mutants. By using virological and immunological methods, this study will show how viruses use different NS1 to enhance the viral escape mechanism.
Dissecting The Mechanisms Of Vaccine Immunogenicity And Induction Of Protective Immunity Against Influenza Virus
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$365,145.00
Summary
Influenza pandemics have historically led to worldwide morbidity and mortality. Vaccination remains to be the only plausible strategy to limit widespread mortality as a result of an influenza pandemic. The parts of the immune system important in protecting individuals from influenza virus are poorly understood. This research aims to understand the important correlates of protective immunity in order to improve vaccine design.
How Do TRIM21 And TRIM5α Execute Dual Antiviral Effector And Signalling Functions?
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$344,724.00
Summary
We encounter millions of potential pathogens each day that must be detected and disarmed by the immune system. Recently, two antiviral proteins, present inside cells, were shown to both detect viruses, alerting neighbouring cells to the infection, and target the viruses for destruction. These two functions provide important protection against viral infection and this research aims to understand at a molecular level, how these dual antiviral functions are coordinated.
Recognition And Interaction Of Virus By The Innate Immune System
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$307,946.00
Summary
The innate immune system acts rapidly to limit infection of invading pathogens. The interaction and recognition of pathogens such as viruses by the innate immune system, is of importance to understand why particular pathogens induce disease.
Identifying Novel Regulators Of RNA Receptor Signalling To Modulate Viral Innate Immunity
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$312,034.00
Summary
Viruses elicit a rapid immune response upon infection that is crucial for controlling viral spread and disease. Human cells detect viral molecules to coordinate the the production of anti-viral proteins. The aim of this research is to identify new genes that are essential for controlling the initial immune response to viral infection. This research will help us understand how virus infection can be controlled appropriately, and may lead to the development of new anti-viral therapeutics.
Understanding And Improving The Non-human Primate Model For Human Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccine-induced Mucosal Immunity.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$302,123.00
Summary
The overall aim of this project if to generate a more effective vaccination for HIV, using an animal model of the disease. We will test vaccination methods targeting immunity to the reproductive tract, in order to attack the virus where it is usually first encountered.
Structural Investigation Of The Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Peptide-loading Complex
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$292,639.00
Summary
The identification and destruction of diseased cells by our immune system is essential to controlling the spread of infection. This proposal is aimed at the characterisation of the peptide-loading complex (PLC), a large molecular machine that facilitates a crucial step in the process of ‘flagging’ infected cells. Determining the 3D structures of its key components, as well the way in which they interact will help us understand how the PLC contributes to maintaining our body’s health.
Genomic Analysis Of Host Response To Influenza A Infection
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$168,530.00
Summary
Influenza virus infects millions of people globally. However, it remains poorly understood why some infected individuals succumb to life threatening complications whilst others recovered relatively unaffected. This study use advance molecular technique to study influenza infection. It aims to identify the key steps in our immune systems that are progressively disrupted during influenza infection and how this process lead to a break down in our natural defence against the virus.