Clinical And Physiological Features Of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Phenotypes
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$117,331.00
Summary
Obstructive sleep apnoea has variable causes and clinical effects in different patient groups. My research will quantify the contribution of various physiological processes to the development of upper airway obstruction in different sub-types of sleep apnoea and to determine how this affects clinical presentation. I will be measuring a number of physiological parameters, and finding out how sleep apnoea manifests in terms of symptomatology and adverse health effects.
Prediction Of Oral Appliance Treatment Outcome In Obstructive Sleep Apnoea
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$280,200.00
Summary
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a very common disorder, affecting approximately 2% of women and 4% of men in the middle-aged workforce . It is characterised by repetitive, complete or partial closure of the throat passage during sleep, resulting in sleep disturbance and low oxygen levels. OSA is recognised as a serious public health problem. There is growing evidence supporting the use of oral appliances to treat OSA. It is thought that these work by enlarging the throat passage, but this rema ....Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a very common disorder, affecting approximately 2% of women and 4% of men in the middle-aged workforce . It is characterised by repetitive, complete or partial closure of the throat passage during sleep, resulting in sleep disturbance and low oxygen levels. OSA is recognised as a serious public health problem. There is growing evidence supporting the use of oral appliances to treat OSA. It is thought that these work by enlarging the throat passage, but this remains uncertain. The aim of this project is to gain a better understanding of how such appliances work, so as to be able to predict which patients will particularly benefit from this form of treatment.Read moreRead less
The Role Of Lung Volume In The Pathogenesis And Treatment Of Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$337,691.00
Summary
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder of repetitive upper airway collapse during sleep. Reducing the volume of air in the lungs increases airway collapsibility. Lung volume is therefore likely important in OSA but has not been investigated thoroughly. Also, whether raising lung volume during sleep can be used to treat OSA is unknown. The aim of this grant is therefore to investigate the role, and therapeutic potential, of lung volume in OSA.
Novel Therapeutic Phenotyping For Sleep Apnoea - A Paradoxical Role For Sedatives
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$639,168.00
Summary
Sleeping pill (sedative) use has risen dramatically. Sedatives may worsen a common breathing condition called obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Accordingly, their use has been discouraged in OSA. However, recent studies indicate that certain sedatives may actually reduce OSA severity in some patients. By studying the effects of common sedatives on OSA and breathing, this proposal aims to explain these apparent paradoxical responses and ultimately provide a new treatment approach for OSA.
The Role Of Sedatives And Arousal In Obstructive Sleep Apnoea – Pathophysiology And Therapeutic Utility
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$415,218.00
Summary
Recent studies indicate that certain sleeping pills (sedatives) may actually reduce obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) severity in some patients. This research aims to determine the: 1) characteristics of patients who are most likely to respond to this novel approach. 2) effects of commonly prescribed sedatives on upper airway function and breathing during sleep. 3) utility for a sedative to yield sustained reductions in OSA severity and daytime sleepiness in the appropriately selected OSA patients.
Respiratory Phenotyping For New Targeted Approaches To Treat Sleep Apnoea
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$631,370.00
Summary
>9% of Australians have obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). OSA has several causes. Untreated OSA is associated with major health consequences. <50% of OSA patients tolerate the main therapy, continuous positive airway pressure. New treatments are urgently required. This proposal aims to use & develop novel approaches to identify the causes of OSA on a per patient basis, improve current therapies & test if new targeted therapies can be used to treat OSA in appropriately selected patients.
Factors Determining Collapsibility Of The Human Upper Airway During Sleep And General Anaesthesia
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$259,625.00
Summary
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is common, affecting between 2-4% of middle-aged adults. It is characterised by repetitive partial or complete collapse of the upper airway during sleep. Each episode is accompanied by transient hypoxemia, hypertension and arousal. The repetitive arousals disrupt sleep resulting in excessive daytime tiredness and lethargy, which have major consequences for social well-being and productivity in our community. OSA is an independent risk factor for vascular disease. C ....Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is common, affecting between 2-4% of middle-aged adults. It is characterised by repetitive partial or complete collapse of the upper airway during sleep. Each episode is accompanied by transient hypoxemia, hypertension and arousal. The repetitive arousals disrupt sleep resulting in excessive daytime tiredness and lethargy, which have major consequences for social well-being and productivity in our community. OSA is an independent risk factor for vascular disease. Central to understanding OSA is knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for vulnerability to upper airway collapse. It remains unclear to what extent this vulnerability relates to abnormalities in the underlying structure and passive physical characteristics of the upper airway, versus abnormalities in activity of upper airway muscles. Making this distinction has been problematic because current methods of testing upper airway collapsibility in sleeping humans tend to result in changes in muscle activity and-or sleep state, affecting the measurements. It is, however, possible to suppress upper airway muscle activity and eliminate measurement-related changes in muscle activity and state with general anaesthesia, while maintaining normal spontaneous breathing. We have developed and refined this method and propose to use it in novel investigations to (a) relate the behaviour of the flaccid airway (no muscle activity) under anaesthesia to its behaviour during sleep (when muscle activity is variable but quantifiable), and (b) determine the effect of changes in body habitus (posture and lung volume) on airway collapsibility. These studies will allow examination of the exciting possibility that measurements made under brief general anaesthesia could be used to define propensity to obstruction during sleep. They will also allow examination of the contribution of common changes in body habitus toward vulnerability to upper airway collapse.Read moreRead less
Mechanisms Of Pharyngeal Collapse In Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Defined By Optical Coherence Tomography
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$476,764.00
Summary
Obstructive sleep apnoea is characterised by intermittent collapse of the upper airway (throat) resulting in episodes of decreased blood oxygen levels, increased blood pressure and sleep disruption. Obstructive sleep apnoea is common, affecting 5% of middle-aged adults, and is associated with worsening health, increased motor vehicle accidents and increased risk of heart disease. However the mechanisms responsible for obstructive sleep apnoea are not well understood. One reason for this lack of ....Obstructive sleep apnoea is characterised by intermittent collapse of the upper airway (throat) resulting in episodes of decreased blood oxygen levels, increased blood pressure and sleep disruption. Obstructive sleep apnoea is common, affecting 5% of middle-aged adults, and is associated with worsening health, increased motor vehicle accidents and increased risk of heart disease. However the mechanisms responsible for obstructive sleep apnoea are not well understood. One reason for this lack of understanding is that current diagnostic techniques can not accurately measure changes in the size and shape of the upper airway during sleep. Such information is vital for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea. This project proposes to use a technique called endoscopic optical coherence tomography (eOCT), recently developed by ourselves, to measure the changes in upper airway size and shape in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea during wakefulness and, importantly, during sleep. A prototype of the system has been developed. Preliminary in vivo studies have been performed in the human upper airway and the results from these preliminary trials have been published. To our knowledge, world-wide, this is the only such system capable of making these measurements. The studies proposed in this application will provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying obstructive sleep apnoea and may lead to the development of greatly improved and more specific treatments that are tailored to the exact needs of the individual patient.Read moreRead less
Novel Neuromechanical Measurements Of The Human Upper Airway In Health And Disease
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$543,728.00
Summary
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common condition, in which the upper airway repeatedly collapses during sleep, causing the oxygen concentration in the blood to drop, carbon dioxide to rise, and the person to arouse in order to re-establish adequate oxygen supply. Consequences of OSA include increased daytime sleepiness, increased risk of accidents, and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. It most commonly affects middle-aged males, but is also seen in the broader population. OSA is asso ....Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common condition, in which the upper airway repeatedly collapses during sleep, causing the oxygen concentration in the blood to drop, carbon dioxide to rise, and the person to arouse in order to re-establish adequate oxygen supply. Consequences of OSA include increased daytime sleepiness, increased risk of accidents, and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. It most commonly affects middle-aged males, but is also seen in the broader population. OSA is associated with obesity and specific shapes of the upper airway and facial structure. These anatomical factors can be compensated for while awake but inadequate activity of the muscles surrounding the upper airway during sleep contributes to an increased predisposition of the airway to collapse. Airway collapse occurs when the muscles are unable to withstand the low pressures in the airway and collapse, obstructing the airway. This project will measure the stiffness and motion of the muscles surrounding the airway, in healthy people and those with OSA, to determine how these influence airway collapsibility. We will use two novel non-invasive Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques, MR Elastography, and MR tagging which will allow us to quantify the airway stiffness, or elasticity, and its motion (deformation). These will be the first direct measurements of the upper airway elasticity and deformation in humans. We will also measure how various treatments, such as CPAP therapy and mandibular advancement affect airway elasticity and deformation, so that their mechanisms can be better understood. This may also explain why some patients do not benefit from these therapies. These studies may lead to new diagnostic and treatment modalities, as well as gaining important insights into the basic mechanisms of airway collapse in humans.Read moreRead less