Early Influences Of Obesity And Fat Patterning In Children:critical Periods, Environmental Determinants, And Socio-cultu
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$1,152,711.00
Summary
Childhood obesity is an escalating public health problem both internationally and within Australia. Rates of childhood obesity in Australia are at one of the highest amongst developed nations. 25% of Australian children are currently overweight or obese. Obesity is a strong risk factor for chronic disease. In children, obesity is of concern because it is highly likely to persist and, during childhood, contributes to serious physical and mental health problems. A quarter of Australian children ar ....Childhood obesity is an escalating public health problem both internationally and within Australia. Rates of childhood obesity in Australia are at one of the highest amongst developed nations. 25% of Australian children are currently overweight or obese. Obesity is a strong risk factor for chronic disease. In children, obesity is of concern because it is highly likely to persist and, during childhood, contributes to serious physical and mental health problems. A quarter of Australian children are now carrying excess body fat. Because of these factors, prevention of obesity is paramount because success of current treatment options is limited and does not last. Especially harmful forms of fatness may originate in early life - the tendency to store fat in the abdominal region and the tendency to accrete fat rather than muscle (at any body size). For this reason, the early life determinants of obesity deserve special attention, even in the presence of society-wide factors conducive to obesity. Professor Moore and a group of researchers from the University of Adelaide will test the proposition that pre-birth and infancy is a ‘critical period’ for the development of obesity. The group aims to investigate whether there is a distinct period in early life for acquiring the predisposition to harmful forms of fatness. The project also aims to identify practical opportunities for prevention, focusing on mothers and their infants.Read moreRead less
Roles Of Enzymes Of The Dipeptidyl Peptidase Gene Family In Human Liver
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$79,750.00
Summary
Chronic liver diseases, particularly those caused by autoimmune disease, alcohol and Hepatitis B and C virus infection, are major causes of morbidity and mortality in our community. They are characterised by progressive scarring of the liver which finally leads to liver failure and the need in many cases for organ transplantation. Each year 15,000 Australians become infected, probably for life, with hepatitis C virus. Unless more effective treatments are developed approximately 20% of these infe ....Chronic liver diseases, particularly those caused by autoimmune disease, alcohol and Hepatitis B and C virus infection, are major causes of morbidity and mortality in our community. They are characterised by progressive scarring of the liver which finally leads to liver failure and the need in many cases for organ transplantation. Each year 15,000 Australians become infected, probably for life, with hepatitis C virus. Unless more effective treatments are developed approximately 20% of these infections will progress to liver failure or liver cancer within 30 years. Diabetes afflicts 150 million people, and 90% have Type 2 diabetes. We request funding of our research on a family of enzymes highly prospective as targets for novel therapies for these diseases. We are internationally recognised experts on this enzyme family and on liver disease. The prototype member of this enzyme family, dipeptidyl peptidase (DP) IV, is being targeted by novel drugs that are in phase III clinical trials for Type 2 diabetes. Family member fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is targeted by novel anti-cancer drugs We were first to clone and lodge patent applications for two new enzymes of this family, DP8 and DP9. Our research proposal would lead to determination of whether FAP, DP8 and-or DP9 are valuable targets for novel liver disease therapeutics and facilitate generating the development of such therapeutics by a more thorough understanding of the activities and roles of these enzymes Completion of this project will greatly increase our understanding of these enzymes and their roles in chronic liver injury. This work can potentially lead to the development of specific inhibitors of enzyme function designed to relieve liver damage.Read moreRead less