Review Of National Guidelines To Develop Fishery Harvest Strategies
Funder
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation
Funding Amount
$443,632.00
Summary
The current National Guidelines were developed through the FRDC (Project 2010/061) with recognition of the need for a coordinated, nationally consistent approach to establishing harvest strategies for Australian fisheries. At this time, the Commonwealth Harvest Strategy Policy and Guidelines (2007, now updated) provided a foundation for harvest strategy development in Commonwealth managed fisheries, however implementation of the key elements of harvest strategies (defined objectives, indicators, ....The current National Guidelines were developed through the FRDC (Project 2010/061) with recognition of the need for a coordinated, nationally consistent approach to establishing harvest strategies for Australian fisheries. At this time, the Commonwealth Harvest Strategy Policy and Guidelines (2007, now updated) provided a foundation for harvest strategy development in Commonwealth managed fisheries, however implementation of the key elements of harvest strategies (defined objectives, indicators, assessments, reference points, trigger points and decision rules) varied across jurisdictions, and gaps remained for data limited fisheries. Similar to the proposed project, the AFMF and FRDC recognised that support for development of harvest strategies could be improved through development of the National Guidelines that focused on less developed areas of harvest strategy policy, including cross-jurisdictional and recreational management arrangements, and incorporating quadruple bottom line (ecological, social, cultural and economic) analysis into fisheries decision making. As harvest strategy policy and incorporation of quadruple bottom line ecologically sustainable development (ESD) principles have increased as management priorities, harvest strategies have sought to incorporate increasingly challenging issues, in many cases continuing to use disparate approaches between jurisdictions that arguably hold the same objectives and responsibilities, as well as potentially competing interests. In many cases, harvest strategy policy and development has been held back from achieving quadruple bottom line objectives due to a lack of consistency in the outlook and approach between jurisdictions, and available guidance for dealing with the complexities associated with multi-species, multi-sector or multi-jurisdictional issues. With significant developments occurring around traditional fishing and management, progressing the inclusion of cultural fishing specific objectives is also required. In addition, the review provides opportunity to address broader issues including the relationship and function of harvest strategies in association with shared access with competing users, cultural interests, ecological issues (e.g. habitat degradation, pollution and climate change), and marine conservation areas, as well as options, incentives and trade-offs for improving data, monitoring and assessment in data poor fisheries or sectors. The proposed review will ensure the National Guidelines remain a prominent, independent and contemporary guide for fisheries jurisdictions, managers, researchers, fishers and stakeholders in supporting the review of harvest strategy policy frameworks and the development of harvest strategies that in many cases seek to resolve complex issues and balance competing interests. To achieve this, the proposed project aims to: 1. Review and update the National Guidelines to Develop Fishery Harvest Strategies to ensure the National Guidelines are consistent with current harvest strategy utilisation, address contemporary fisheries challenges and the most up to date information available; 2. Take stock of harvest strategies in Australia (by jurisdiction) and internationally, including how many fisheries now have operational harvest strategies adopted and those under development; and 3. Produce a report with the updated National Guidelines coupled with a detailed communication plan and associated materials to promote and communicate the outcome of the review with all stakeholders.
Objectives: 1. To review and update the National Guidelines to Develop Fishery Harvest Strategies (2014) to ensure the National Guidelines are consistent with current harvest strategy utilisation and reflect the most up to date information available 2. To take stock of harvest strategies in Australia and internationally (by jurisdiction) including how many fisheries now have operational harvest strategies adopted and those under development 3. To produce a report with the updated National Guidelines coupled with a detailed communication plan to promote the outcome of the review Read moreRead less
Pathways For Recognising Recreational Fishing Considerations In Fisheries Management Frameworks
Funder
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation
Funding Amount
$178,829.00
Summary
Recognising that harvest strategies are not particularly effective in meeting the needs of the recreational fishing sector, there is a need to identify the correct vehicle(s) for appropriately considering the objectives of the sector in management frameworks. This will require intensive engagement with stakeholders through national and State peak bodies and fishery managers to establish a shared understanding of the limitations of current fisheries management frameworks and promote innovation i ....Recognising that harvest strategies are not particularly effective in meeting the needs of the recreational fishing sector, there is a need to identify the correct vehicle(s) for appropriately considering the objectives of the sector in management frameworks. This will require intensive engagement with stakeholders through national and State peak bodies and fishery managers to establish a shared understanding of the limitations of current fisheries management frameworks and promote innovation in formulating alternative systems.
The need to develop a systems model for the recreational sector has been identified as critical to ensuring fisheries management frameworks effectively recognise recreational fishing considerations. The model would provide a framework for fisheries managers and recreational sector stakeholders to collaborate in designing and implementing the intensive consultation and technical processes necessary to ensure recreational fishing drivers are understood and information, data baselines and monitoring needs are agreed. Addressing this critical gap will enable the development of fishery management tools which are better able to achieve fishery management goals and are supported by all stakeholders.
This project will undertake intensive engagement with the recreational fishing sector and fisheries managers to build a consolidated understanding of the recreational sector and the values, goals and motivators of model identified segments within the fishery which will provide important inputs in fisheries management frameworks. It will examine the pre-conditions for recreational sector objective setting and design a systematic process to ensure objectives are rigorously formulated and effectively integrated into fisheries management plans and harvest strategies, with consideration of the needs of all resource users.
The key output will be a systems model which defines objective setting processes and outputs prior to the commencement of management planning processes. This will establish clear guideposts and criteria, from which managers and stakeholders can confidently progress to management plan and harvest strategy development in a responsible manner.
Objectives: 1. Critically analyse the effectiveness of contemporary fisheries management frameworks as vehicles for driving fishery management for returns to the broader/recreational community with consideration of all resource users. 2. Recommend any changes in current approaches that better recognise recreational fishing considerations in fisheries management frameworks. 3. Development of a model framework that defines systems and processes for adoption and delivery of recreational fishing objectives into management plans and harvest strategies with consideration of the cost of implementation including data collection. Read moreRead less
Integrating Recreational Fisher Experience/satisfaction Into Decision Making
Funder
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation
Funding Amount
$288,822.00
Summary
The need for the study is clearly defined in the FRDC terms of reference for the project:
- Fisher experience is regarded as an important measure of defining optimal resource use for non-commercial fishing sectors. - The lack of recreational fisher experience data has been highlighted at a national level and was explored in FRDC project 2018-161. - Key fishing stakeholders have identified their desire to include experiential performance indicators into fisheries harvest strategi ....The need for the study is clearly defined in the FRDC terms of reference for the project:
- Fisher experience is regarded as an important measure of defining optimal resource use for non-commercial fishing sectors. - The lack of recreational fisher experience data has been highlighted at a national level and was explored in FRDC project 2018-161. - Key fishing stakeholders have identified their desire to include experiential performance indicators into fisheries harvest strategies to optimise the management of available resources in the Northern Territory. This is especially important in fishery management areas where management for optimised recreational outcomes have been prioritised (e.g. Barramundi). - The need to apply and test existing frameworks for measuring fisher experience (or satisfaction) is necessary to validate their utility in the Northern Territory and more broadly across jurisdictions. - This includes understanding the interaction between fisher satisfaction/experience and catch settings and other administrative arrangements that may influence fisher experience.
In summary, there are currently no data available that would enable the linkage of experiential performance indicators into fisheries harvest strategies to optimise the management of available resources in the Northern Territory. The objective of this study is therefore to fully explore recreational fisher experience and associated satisfaction levels as they relate to harvest strategies. In simple terms, NT Fisheries is flying blind in this respect and this study is aimed at providing the department with the information they need for informed decision making. Importantly, the report will include recommendations for the implementation of the identified strategies by Fisheries NT. Objectives: 1. To collect comprehensive data on recreational fishers' experiences and satisfaction levels in particular as they relate to NT fishery harvest strategies. 2. To analyse the collected data to identify key factors influencing recreational fishers' experiences and satisfaction levels in particular as they relate to NT fishery harvest strategies. 3. To integrate the findings from the data analysis and interpretation into NT fishery harvest strategies. Read moreRead less
Determination Of The Impacts Of Direct Harvest Of Coral Species In Northern Australia
Funder
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation
Funding Amount
$360,000.00
Summary
Australia’s aquarium fisheries are high value (GVP >$20 million), small scale fisheries that rely on exporting CITES listed corals for profitability and viability. The Australian government requires fisheries collecting and exporting these species to demonstrate that their harvest is sustainable under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) in order to meet Australia's obligations under CITES. In the absence of empirical evidence, precautionary harvest l ....Australia’s aquarium fisheries are high value (GVP >$20 million), small scale fisheries that rely on exporting CITES listed corals for profitability and viability. The Australian government requires fisheries collecting and exporting these species to demonstrate that their harvest is sustainable under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) in order to meet Australia's obligations under CITES. In the absence of empirical evidence, precautionary harvest limits are set on all coral species, and monitored and reported by NT Fisheries to the Commonwealth Department of Environment and Energy (DoEE), to fulfil EPBC requirements. Increased global demand for valuable coral species presents an opportunity for licenced fishers to develop new and existing international markets. However, in order to increase harvest limits, evidence is required to reinforce that the harvest and subsequent export will not have a detrimental effect on the population status of the species (CITES non-detriment finding). Any supporting non-detriment finding must be corroborated with new empirical evidence on the impacts of harvesting corals. The FRDC project ‘Establishing baselines and assessing vulnerability of commercially harvested corals across northern Australia’ (FRDC 2014-029) (currently underway) attempts to address some of these issues including taxonomy, abundance and distribution of key coral species but fails to address the long-standing concern of the impacts of coral harvesting. Understanding and quantifying the impacts of harvesting coral has the potential for providing the greatest benefit to industry. The specific need is to investigate the extent of recovery (or not) of key species of Scleractinian (hard) corals harvested at the level of individual colonies over an appropriate temporal scale. Members of the A12 Aquarium display fishery are supportive of this project and will be actively involved in assisting with data collection. This project directly addresses the NT Research Advisory Committee priority ‘Impact of harvesting key species of Scleractinian (hard) corals in the Northern Territory’.
Objectives: 1. Establish a monitoring program involving commercial fishers to determine the impacts of harvest on key coral species. 2. Improve the accuracy of coral species identification through the development of an NT identification guide. 3. Assess reproductive modes, and establish rates of recruitment for commercially important Northern Territory corals. Read moreRead less
Determining Variation In Catchability Of Western Rock Lobsters To Standardise Important Abundance Indices Used For Stock Assessment
Funder
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation
Funding Amount
$325,000.00
Summary
An outcome of a recent review of the WRL fishery (FRDC 2015-236) was to conduct a sensitivity analysis on a range of parameters utilised by the Western Rock Lobster (WRL) stock assessment model. This analysis highlighted that stock projections and MEY analysis are both sensitive to lobster assumptions associated with the catchability of lobsters during IBSS surveys. Recent stock estimates consider the population of the western rock lobster to be at record high levels. Therefore, even relatively ....An outcome of a recent review of the WRL fishery (FRDC 2015-236) was to conduct a sensitivity analysis on a range of parameters utilised by the Western Rock Lobster (WRL) stock assessment model. This analysis highlighted that stock projections and MEY analysis are both sensitive to lobster assumptions associated with the catchability of lobsters during IBSS surveys. Recent stock estimates consider the population of the western rock lobster to be at record high levels. Therefore, even relatively minor differences in lobster catchability can have profound effects due to the multiplicative effect of increased stock size. With the recent marine heatwave off the WA coast producing record-high, projected increases in water temperature, and the substantial increased population abundance and size composition, there are likely to have been substantial changes in the catchability of lobsters during the IBSS, which may be impacting on the stock projections being produced for the fishery. The continued reliance of the stock assessment on independent indices while commercial fishing patterns (fishery dependent indices) become more consistent, requires that the variation in lobster catchability during these surveys is accounted for. If industry seek to increase WRL quotas in future seasons to take full advantage of the recent free trade agreement with China, it will be beneficial if the stock assessment is based on reliable indices of abundance to determine the appropriate TAC. Setting the quotas too low would affect industry’s profitability, while setting them too high would reduce fishers’ catch rates, affect the spawning stock and risk the sustainability of the fishery. Accounting for the biases impacting on abundance indices use to drive the stock assessment model (thus improving the accuracy of the model) will allow the fishery to maintain fishing at an appropriate level that achieves its harvest strategy target of maximising its economic yield and maintains a healthy spawning stock.
Objectives: 1. Determine factors (environmental and biological) causing variation in trap catchability of western rock lobsters 2. Quantify the relationships between factors and western rock lobster catchability 3. Standardise the empirical indices used for western rock lobster stock assessment for effects of catchability Read moreRead less
Laying The Foundation For Mulloway Stock Recovery Through Filling Critical Knowledge Gaps And Modelling.
Funder
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation
Funding Amount
$1,299,348.50
Summary
Critical knowledge gaps identified by the cross-sectoral harvest strategy working group are encapsulated within three priority areas for mulloway in NSW:
1) Information on the spatial extent of population structure
Whilst mulloway in NSW have been shown to be part of a single genetic stock along the east coast (Barnes et al. 2015), which is managed at the jurisdictional level (Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria – Earl et al. 2021), the overall general small scales of movemen ....Critical knowledge gaps identified by the cross-sectoral harvest strategy working group are encapsulated within three priority areas for mulloway in NSW:
1) Information on the spatial extent of population structure
Whilst mulloway in NSW have been shown to be part of a single genetic stock along the east coast (Barnes et al. 2015), which is managed at the jurisdictional level (Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria – Earl et al. 2021), the overall general small scales of movement and connectivity (Hughes et al. 2022), and spatial variation in otolith chemistry (Russell et al. 2021), suggest the potential for fine-scale population structuring within the broader stock. Such population structuring may occur over various time scales (e.g. evolutionary, generational or lifetime) relevant to management of the species. Identifying the spatial extent of population structure is therefore critical to inform the potential utility of spatially structured monitoring, assessment, and management of the species in NSW, including the potential need for cross-jurisdictional collaboration with Queensland and Victoria.
2) Refined and updated population life-history parameters
As described above, evidence indicates the potential for fine-scale within-generation population structure of mulloway within NSW, as has been demonstrated elsewhere in Australia (Ferguson et al. 2011). For mulloway in NSW, sub-populations may be subject to variation in environmental variables (e.g. habitat, water temperature, salinity), particularly those that vary with latitude. Such population structure may therefore manifest itself in spatial variability in demographic characteristics, such as growth, size and age composition, and mortality that affect stock productivity and subsequent resilience to exploitation. Information on mulloway reproductive biology was collected in the early 2000s and established size- and age-at-maturity (Silberschneider & Gray 2005), however information on the spatial and temporal extent of spawning is not clearly defined and the body-size fecundity relationship for mulloway in NSW is not well known. An updated examination of spatial variation in size and age structures, growth, mortality and reproductive biology are therefore urgently required to underpin length- and age-based components of future stock assessments for mulloway in NSW.
3) Assessment of gear selectivity and discard/release mortality for the main fishing methods.
Despite the majority of the commercial mulloway catch (~60%) being taken using gillnets (termed ’mesh nets’) in NSW, to date there has been very little research into selectivity, bycatch, discarding and post-release mortality of mulloway caught in this gear. Research on discard (‘release’) mortality from recreational fishing has shown that the two key predictors of mortality are deep-hooking (Butcher et al. 2007) and barotrauma (Butcher et al. 2013, Hughes et al. 2019), however, most of this work was restricted to small mulloway (< 45 cm TL) and no data are available on the fate of larger angled and released conspecifics. Research into the selectivity, rates of discarding and unaccounted fishing mortality of mulloway caught in the main gears and sectors are therefore urgently required (e.g. by defining selectivity functions and rates of discarding and post-release mortality for use in future stock assessment models).
Other knowledge gaps fall under priority areas already being addressed by existing NSW DPI-Fisheries initiatives (e.g. improved fishery data from all sectors, development of fishery-independent survey methods and updated comprehensive ERA; Figure 1).
Successfully fulfilling all knowledge gaps will generate data that will underpin a fourth priority area:
4) Development of a dynamic population model.
This is the essential tool that will be developed to reduce uncertainty in the species stock assessment, service the requirements of the harvest strategy to rebuild the stock, and guide future management to maintain the stock at a level that improves access to, and use of, the resource by all sectors. Any model(s) must also support an expandable assessment approach, capable of determining stock status with reasonable confidence from limited data available during the stock rebuilding phase, but with the ability to integrate additional data sources as they become available (once the rebuilding phase is complete) and maintaining continuity with previous assessments. The role of climatic/environmental drivers on mulloway population dynamics will also be examined within the integrated assessment model(s) that will be developed.
Without the improved knowledge encapsulated in the above priority areas for research, any reasonable assessment of the status of the resource, estimation of appropriate harvest levels, harvest strategy development, and implementation of appropriate management to rebuild the resource and maintain sustainability in future, will not be possible. This will in turn directly impact the magnitude, profitability, and social outcomes derived from the resource. Funding from the FRDC is therefore needed to address these key identified knowledge gaps, representing an urgent research priority for all harvesting sectors of the resource in NSW. Objectives: 1. 1. Resolve the fine scale population structure for mulloway in south-eastern Australia (southern Queensland, New South Wales and eastern Victoria). 2. 2. Refine and update population life-history parameters (demographic and reproductive information) from across the spatial extent of the stock. 3. 3. Assess selectivity and discard/release mortality for the main gears and sectors (gillnets and angling), and develop approaches to minimise mortality. 4. 4. Integrate information generated from objectives 1–3 and data collected by existing monitoring programs, and develop a dynamic population model(s) to support future stock rebuilding strategies for the NSW mulloway population. Read moreRead less
Drawing Strength From Each Other: Simulation Testing Of Australia’s Abalone Harvest Strategies
Funder
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation
Funding Amount
$616,001.00
Summary
All Australian abalone harvest strategies use empirical approaches heavily supported by CPUE based indicators that reflect tensions between producing harvest strategies that work at both larger management scales and that account for local scale population dynamics. All harvest strategies apply a weight of evidence approach that is generally not clearly codified. However, the different harvest strategies lead to very disparate ways of setting catches, with some adjusting catch based on relative p ....All Australian abalone harvest strategies use empirical approaches heavily supported by CPUE based indicators that reflect tensions between producing harvest strategies that work at both larger management scales and that account for local scale population dynamics. All harvest strategies apply a weight of evidence approach that is generally not clearly codified. However, the different harvest strategies lead to very disparate ways of setting catches, with some adjusting catch based on relative performance of indicators, while others assume a direct relationship between CPUE and sustainable catch. These contrasting approaches have developed despite managing essentially the same group of species caught with the same gear type and from similar reef environments. This project will therefore test each of the presently used harvest strategies to draw out their strengths and weaknesses in a common platform.
Only the Victorian Western Zone and Tasmanian harvest strategies have been simulation tested. The MSE models used in each, due to funding and time constraints, have been developed in a way that means that portability across jurisdiction is time consuming and costly. As such, this project will address the need to write MSE code that will be usable for the future and in other jurisdictions. It will then test this code on two abalone stocks, one blacklip and one greenlip, to assist in this need for code generality. The final product will be freely available on a version control site such as GitHub with detailed guides on how it is best used.
Objectives: 1. Undertake Management Strategy Evaluation testing of each jurisdiction’s current abalone harvest strategies in Australia. 2. Contrast harvest strategy performance under a common dynamic range of stock types, with and without conflicting indicators 3. Provide guidance on what constitutes best approaches to using empirical abalone harvest strategies 4. Provide fully documented open-source R package for other MSE expert’s use 5. Provide advice on how best to include additional indicators Read moreRead less
Gulf Of Carpentaria King Threadfin (Polydactylus Macrochir) - Addressing The Knowledge Gaps To Support Assessment, Management And Sustainable Harvest
Funder
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation
Funding Amount
$1,410,230.50
Summary
The proposal addresses the key needs specified in FRDC investment opportunity on GoC KTF in an integrated manner, in consultation and collaboration with industry, by a team of people highly experienced in the science and logistical challenges of working in the GoC. The ‘Needs’ in the FRDC Call for R&D Investment Opportunities were (1) stock structure, including spatial and temporal connectivity between regions (i.e., movement and reproductive connectivity), (2) quantify life history information ....The proposal addresses the key needs specified in FRDC investment opportunity on GoC KTF in an integrated manner, in consultation and collaboration with industry, by a team of people highly experienced in the science and logistical challenges of working in the GoC. The ‘Needs’ in the FRDC Call for R&D Investment Opportunities were (1) stock structure, including spatial and temporal connectivity between regions (i.e., movement and reproductive connectivity), (2) quantify life history information at regional scales relevant to stock assessment, and (3) factors influencing variation in the relationship between catch rate and population abundance.
The proposal addresses these knowledge gaps, which continue to bring uncertainty to the GoC KTF assessment and management. Further details are included in the Methods section.
It is critical that the inputs to the stock assessment, such as the spatial structure of the model, standardised catch rates, and life history parameters (e.g., temporal and spatial variation in growth rates, proportion mature-at-age, proportion mature-at-length) are representative of GoC stocks. Independent review of the latest KTF stock assessment (Campbell et al. 2024) concurs with this statement. Past research has included GoC samples of varying levels of spatial representativeness (Garrett et al. 1997; Welch et al. 2010; Newman et al. 2010; Moore et al. 2011; Moore et al. 2017) primarily due to due to logistical challenges. Despite the past research, there remains spatial and temporal uncertainty in how KTF populations function in this large tropical region, which has highly variable patterns in wet season rainfall and flood - the primary drivers of nutrient input to coastal GoC ecosystems.
Objectives: 1. Evaluate the spatial stock structure and the connectivity and movement of King Threadfin between regions within the Gulf of Carpentaria to inform meta-population dynamics. 2. Quantify life history parameters of King Threadfin across regions within the Gulf of Carpentaria relevant to stock assessment and management. 3. Evaluate factors influencing the relationship between catch (rate) and population abundance to inform catch rate standardisation. Read moreRead less
Integrating Recreational Fishing Information Into Harvest Strategies For Multi-sector Fisheries
Funder
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation
Funding Amount
$444,676.00
Summary
Integration of recreational fishing (RF) into harvest strategies (HS) is necessary for many fisheries in Australia, to account for catches that can equal or exceed commercial catch for some key species and to address biological and experiential objectives of the RF sector. Both the Productivity Commission’s report Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture (2016) and the ICES Report from the Working Group Recreational Fishing Surveys (2018) recommend formal integration of RF into stock assessments and har ....Integration of recreational fishing (RF) into harvest strategies (HS) is necessary for many fisheries in Australia, to account for catches that can equal or exceed commercial catch for some key species and to address biological and experiential objectives of the RF sector. Both the Productivity Commission’s report Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture (2016) and the ICES Report from the Working Group Recreational Fishing Surveys (2018) recommend formal integration of RF into stock assessments and harvest strategies. Failure to do so puts sustainable management goals and legislated state and Commonwealth fisheries requirements at risk.
Equitable and quantitative inclusion of RF in harvest strategies is rare. This stems from a traditional focus on the commercial sector and budgetary challenges involved with representatively sampling RF. It is therefore unclear: 1) what types of RF data and monitoring best service stock assessments, (2) which data also track indicators of recreational objectives (often related to the fishing experience), and (3) how to integrate harvest strategy components for multiple sectors. The need to address these knowledge gaps was highlighted by the FRDC priority research call in 2018 - “Integrating recreational fishery data into harvest strategies for multi-sector fisheries in New South Wales”. NSW provides an important test case for addressing issues around RF integration that are faced by most jurisdictions.
Harvest strategy development for multi-sector fisheries requires a transparent and defensible process due to complexities in addressing diverse objectives and apprehension among stakeholder groups. Structured workshops that use easily-understandable, interactive decision support tools and involve independent experts and stakeholder representatives are likely to provide best outcomes. ‘FishPath’ is a leading harvest strategy decision support tool and “bottom up” engagement philosophy that allows experts and stakeholders to interactively contribute to harvest strategy development in a transparent workshop setting. However, it requires additional development in recreational and multi-sector contexts.
Objectives: 1. Obtain information on recreational fishing objectives and facilitate improved understanding among recreational fishers of the role of harvest strategies. 2. Identify types of recreational fishing data and monitoring that provide reliable measures of both the biological and experiential performance of fished populations. 3. Interrogate and extend the FishPath decision support software tool to better characterise and integrate recreational fishing information into harvest strategy development for multi-sector fisheries. 4. Develop guidelines and recommendations for the integration of recreational fishing information into harvest strategies for multi-sector fisheries. 5. Develop draft harvest strategies for key multi-sector fisheries using outcomes from Objectives 1-4. Read moreRead less