Water at Hydrophobic Surfaces. The properties of water define the nature of life on this planet. When water encounters a hydrophobic surface - at the air/water interface, in contact with unreactive solids such as Teflon, or at an oil drop, our recent experiments indicate that the water dissociates more readily into protons and hydroxide ions - undergoes autolysis - than in bulk water. Furthermore, the hydroxide ions are preferentially adsorbed at the surface, giving it a negative charge. This pr ....Water at Hydrophobic Surfaces. The properties of water define the nature of life on this planet. When water encounters a hydrophobic surface - at the air/water interface, in contact with unreactive solids such as Teflon, or at an oil drop, our recent experiments indicate that the water dissociates more readily into protons and hydroxide ions - undergoes autolysis - than in bulk water. Furthermore, the hydroxide ions are preferentially adsorbed at the surface, giving it a negative charge. This project will test the generality and implications of this novel concept. The results will range across physics, chemistry, biology and their associated technologies, a consequence of the ubiquitous importance of water. Read moreRead less
Kinetic Control of Nanomaterial Assembly by Novel Polymerisable Surfactants. To build a competitive edge in the future Australian industries need to exploit the manipulation of matter at and near molecular length scales in order to create and use advanced nanostructured materials. In this project, using newly-discovered reactive surfactants we will develop novel methods for assembling and templating the formation of nanostructured polymeric and composite materials with a very broad range of pot ....Kinetic Control of Nanomaterial Assembly by Novel Polymerisable Surfactants. To build a competitive edge in the future Australian industries need to exploit the manipulation of matter at and near molecular length scales in order to create and use advanced nanostructured materials. In this project, using newly-discovered reactive surfactants we will develop novel methods for assembling and templating the formation of nanostructured polymeric and composite materials with a very broad range of potential applications. Australian postgraduate and postdoctoral researchers will be trained in advanced techniques for the creation and characterisation of self-assembled materials.Read moreRead less
Microgel thin films for controlled release. This project represents a real and timely opportunity for Australian research to take a leading position in the field of stimulus-responsive thin films. The potential applications of the targeted advanced coatings lie in areas for which Australia is already a significant world player (water treatment, biomaterial/implant coatings, sensors) and will add value to these industries. The development of these "smart" films will have commercial potential for ....Microgel thin films for controlled release. This project represents a real and timely opportunity for Australian research to take a leading position in the field of stimulus-responsive thin films. The potential applications of the targeted advanced coatings lie in areas for which Australia is already a significant world player (water treatment, biomaterial/implant coatings, sensors) and will add value to these industries. The development of these "smart" films will have commercial potential for "next generation" nanotechnology or biotechnology companies. The project will increase the momentum of an internationally competitive research partnership. The training of a research associate, PhD and honours students will lead to competitive employment for these burgeoning scientists.Read moreRead less
Self-assembly of gelling biopolymer particles. Biopolymers provide a renewable source of structuring agents for a variety of potential uses in food, pharmaceutical and other applications that require bio-compatibility. Swollen biopolymer particles of sub-millimetre size are particularly useful as they combine macroscopic structure formation with an ability to flow and a desirable soft solid texture. Two limitations to the current utilisation of biopolymer particles are that they either cannot be ....Self-assembly of gelling biopolymer particles. Biopolymers provide a renewable source of structuring agents for a variety of potential uses in food, pharmaceutical and other applications that require bio-compatibility. Swollen biopolymer particles of sub-millimetre size are particularly useful as they combine macroscopic structure formation with an ability to flow and a desirable soft solid texture. Two limitations to the current utilisation of biopolymer particles are that they either cannot be predictably produced direct from a dried form, or if they are (e.g. cooked starch granules), there is a lack of scientific understanding that limits use of natural sources without subsequent chemical modification. This project will provide the science & technology to overcome these limitations.Read moreRead less
Understanding and Controlling Wall Deposition in Spray Dryers via Experimental and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Studies. A key problem in operating spray dryers for producing milk powders and other consumer products, such as detergents, is the occurrence of internal wall deposits of powder, leading to thermal degradation of the products and potential fire hazards. However, no fundamental theory has been applied in spray dryers to allow this process to be controlled. The proposed project wi ....Understanding and Controlling Wall Deposition in Spray Dryers via Experimental and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Studies. A key problem in operating spray dryers for producing milk powders and other consumer products, such as detergents, is the occurrence of internal wall deposits of powder, leading to thermal degradation of the products and potential fire hazards. However, no fundamental theory has been applied in spray dryers to allow this process to be controlled. The proposed project will use state-of-the-art experimental and computational techniques to gain a fundamental understanding of this phenomenon and will develop a validated wall deposition model to predict when and to what extent this process occurs, to give higher throughputs and/or more efficient systems.Read moreRead less
Synthesis of stimuli-responsive star polymers for controlled drug delivery. The project aims to prepare novel star polymers suitable for drug delivery via controlled radical polymerization techniques. Such star polymers can be employed to release drugs within the human body in a controlled manner over time and are thus able to target specific sites, i.e. a tumor. The release characterisitics are be influenced by the structure and the size of the star polymer, which can easily be altered via cont ....Synthesis of stimuli-responsive star polymers for controlled drug delivery. The project aims to prepare novel star polymers suitable for drug delivery via controlled radical polymerization techniques. Such star polymers can be employed to release drugs within the human body in a controlled manner over time and are thus able to target specific sites, i.e. a tumor. The release characterisitics are be influenced by the structure and the size of the star polymer, which can easily be altered via controlled radical polymerization techniques. These novel stars are expected to improve the release kinetics of the drug comparing to similar structured micelles due to their higher stability upon injection.Read moreRead less
Improving Powder Properties by Using Spray Dryers to Process Amorphous Components of Solids into Crystalline Materials. Australia has a large food and dairy processing industry, capturing 13% of the world dairy export market, worth US$460 million annually. This proposal will build on Australia's strengths in dairy and food industries, particularly milk powder products. This project will enhance our competitive advantage in the production of dried foodstuffs by streamlining their production and ....Improving Powder Properties by Using Spray Dryers to Process Amorphous Components of Solids into Crystalline Materials. Australia has a large food and dairy processing industry, capturing 13% of the world dairy export market, worth US$460 million annually. This proposal will build on Australia's strengths in dairy and food industries, particularly milk powder products. This project will enhance our competitive advantage in the production of dried foodstuffs by streamlining their production and allowing tailored and new powder products to be created.Read moreRead less
An integrated study of dynamic interactions in soft matter systems. Established Australian pharmaceutical, dairy and food processing industries and growing high-value biotechnology and nanotechnology rely on the processing and control of a generic class of materials called Soft Matter. Cost driven demands for high throughput and increasing water and energy conservation requirements will be met by advances in the underpinning engineering science pursued in this project. In addition to increasing ....An integrated study of dynamic interactions in soft matter systems. Established Australian pharmaceutical, dairy and food processing industries and growing high-value biotechnology and nanotechnology rely on the processing and control of a generic class of materials called Soft Matter. Cost driven demands for high throughput and increasing water and energy conservation requirements will be met by advances in the underpinning engineering science pursued in this project. In addition to increasing the international competitiveness of Australian industries in high value products, the research outcomes also add to the knowledge capacity of the nation for future technological developments.Read moreRead less
The Lexicon Project: Analysing pedagogical naming systems from different cultures to reconceptualise classroom practice and advance educational theory. Classrooms remain the principal site of institutionalised learning. Their cultural specificity poses challenges for international comparative research. New approaches are needed. Internationally, our educational theories, research and descriptions of practice are framed in English, which names some aspects of the classroom, but ignores key aspect ....The Lexicon Project: Analysing pedagogical naming systems from different cultures to reconceptualise classroom practice and advance educational theory. Classrooms remain the principal site of institutionalised learning. Their cultural specificity poses challenges for international comparative research. New approaches are needed. Internationally, our educational theories, research and descriptions of practice are framed in English, which names some aspects of the classroom, but ignores key aspects named in other languages. This limits our capacity to access, connect and adapt the wisdom of other cultures. The Lexicon Project will initiate cross-cultural dialogue to identify pedagogical terms from selected Asian and European educational communities and use these as analytical tools to categorise, interrogate and enrich our classroom practice, classroom research, and educational theorising.Read moreRead less
Powerful knowledge: mapping out standards of teachers' knowledge for teaching mathematics and English to achieve the goals of the curriculum. Setting standards is an important step to raising teacher quality. This project will establish benchmarks for teachers' knowledge at all levels of schooling in two key areas of the curriculum: English and mathematics.