Functional And Structural Imaging Of Auditory Infomation Processing Deficits In Recent-onset And Chronic Schizophrenia
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$376,000.00
Summary
Abnormalities in the auditory system have long been suspected to be present among people who suffer from schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, due in part to the high prevalence of auditory hallucinations amongst these patients. Over the last decade, a group of Australian researchers have identified an index of auditory information processing, recorded from scalp electrodes, that is abnormal in patients with schizophrenia, and their biological relatives. The present project will examine t ....Abnormalities in the auditory system have long been suspected to be present among people who suffer from schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, due in part to the high prevalence of auditory hallucinations amongst these patients. Over the last decade, a group of Australian researchers have identified an index of auditory information processing, recorded from scalp electrodes, that is abnormal in patients with schizophrenia, and their biological relatives. The present project will examine the relationship between these electrophysiological findings, and a new non-invasive technique of functional brain imaging, looking at changes in blood flow, that can identify the specific brain regions that are active during auditory information processing, and link these to the sources of the scalp recorded measures. Both of these functional measures will be examined in relation to the volumes of brain tissue, measured from magnetic resonance imaging scans using new analysis tools, that enable the identification of subtle changes in brain anatomy. By examining patients who have recently developed schizophrenia, those who have suffered from the illness for longer periods of time, and their close relatives, this study will provide the opportunity to identify biological markers of increased vulnerability for the development of schizophrenia.Read moreRead less
Role Of Brain Serotonin In Animal Models Of Schizophrenia
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$175,550.00
Summary
There is increasing evidence that deficiencies in the release of a brain chemical called serotonin play an important role in the development of schizophrenia. Post-mortem studies have shown changes in the levels of 'receptors' (keyholes for messenger chemicals in the brain) for serotonin in schizophrenia. In addition, in the treatment of schizophrenia, the more recently introduced 'atypical' antipsychotic drugs are superior to the more traditional 'typical' antipsychotics in terms of efficacy an ....There is increasing evidence that deficiencies in the release of a brain chemical called serotonin play an important role in the development of schizophrenia. Post-mortem studies have shown changes in the levels of 'receptors' (keyholes for messenger chemicals in the brain) for serotonin in schizophrenia. In addition, in the treatment of schizophrenia, the more recently introduced 'atypical' antipsychotic drugs are superior to the more traditional 'typical' antipsychotics in terms of efficacy and side-effect profile. Typical antipsychotic drugs act mainly through blockade of receptors for a brain chemical called dopamine. Atypical drugs appear to have additional actions, in particular blocking the effect of serotonin in the brain. This evidence is mostly circumstancial, relying to a large extent on biochemical analysis of brain regions and 'receptors' on which antipsychotics MAY act. It is currently unclear exactly how and where in the brain changes in serotonin activity influence behavioural processes causing schizophrenia. It is also unclear how and where typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs interact with the role of serotonin in schizophrenia. In this project we intend to inactivate specific parts of the serotonin system of otherwise intact, freely moving rats. Using behavioural observation methods relevant for schizophrenia, we will analyze if and how these interventions influence the behaviour of these rats. The results can have important implications for our fundamental understanding of the involvement of serotonin in the brain in schizophrenia.Read moreRead less
Neurocognitive Correlates Of Transition From Ultra-high Risk Mental State To Schizophrenia
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$1,590,053.00
Summary
Understanding the changes in the brains of young people when they are developing a severe mental illness is the objective of this research. State-of-the-art brain imaging and brain function data will be prospectively collected from more than 500 young people considered at ultra high risk of developing schizophrenia, the most severe of mental illnesses for which no cure exists. We aim to identify early brain changes in schizophrenia, thus allowing for more effective early intervention.
Structural And Diffusion Tensor Neuroimaging In Twins Concordant And Discordant For Psychosis.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$477,375.00
Summary
Measures from specialised brain scans i.e. MRI's (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) have suggested that several areas in the brain are different in those individuals who suffer from psychosis compared to those who don't. Evaluations of these brain differences have helped us better understand the nature of these illnesses. For example, frontal lobe dysfunction has been linked with the loss of ability to plan and organize information, seen in those who have schizophrenia. These measures may also help cl ....Measures from specialised brain scans i.e. MRI's (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) have suggested that several areas in the brain are different in those individuals who suffer from psychosis compared to those who don't. Evaluations of these brain differences have helped us better understand the nature of these illnesses. For example, frontal lobe dysfunction has been linked with the loss of ability to plan and organize information, seen in those who have schizophrenia. These measures may also help clarify the relationship between the genetic and environmental factors contributing to the development of these disorders. One of the best ways to investigate this relationship is the use of a twin study design. The Australian study of twins with psychosis will recruit dizygotic (DZ) and monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs in which at least one twin is affected by a psychotic disorder, plus control twin pairs matched for age, sex and zygosity. Measures derived from MRI scans will be collected in an attempt to further define specific brain regions reported to be different in psychosis. In addition Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) will be used to visualize white matter tracts in the brain. The twin study design will allow us to differentiate genetic and environmental factors associated with these brain measures and help evaluate the potential for these measures to genetically define sub-groups of individuals with psychotic disorders. The identification of these subgroups would facilitate the search for susceptibility genes. Additionally, this study will help clarify the possible clinical overlap between affective (i.e. bipolar affective disorder) and non-affective (i.e. schizophrenia) psychotic disorders. The information obtained from this study has the potential to greatly improve our understanding of caustive factors in psychosis, which may also lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment, thereby improving prognosis.Read moreRead less
Healthy Lifestyle Intervention For Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction Among People With Psychotic Disorders
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$800,806.00
Summary
This study proposes a multi-site randomised controlled trial of treatment to enhance healthy living among people with psychotic disorders, specifically targeting smoking, diet, and physical activity. These issues are highly prevalent, associated with premature death and reduced quality of life among this group. The results will better inform the treatment choices of clinicians, and will potentially improve the match between treatment and client, improving health and wellbeing of this group.