Determinants Of Circulating Surfactant Protein Levels In Health And Disease
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$276,221.00
Summary
The lung allows the oxygenation of blood and clearance of carbon dioxide. To achieve this a large surface area (50-100 m2) interfaces with a complex microcirculation across a 0.1-0.2 ?m barrier - the alveolocapillary membrane. The alveolocapillary membrane is damaged under a variety of circumstances, of varying severity. Whereas severe impairment results in respiratory failure, often there is no clear delineation between OacceptableO and OpathologicalO changes. Therefore, we have coined the term ....The lung allows the oxygenation of blood and clearance of carbon dioxide. To achieve this a large surface area (50-100 m2) interfaces with a complex microcirculation across a 0.1-0.2 ?m barrier - the alveolocapillary membrane. The alveolocapillary membrane is damaged under a variety of circumstances, of varying severity. Whereas severe impairment results in respiratory failure, often there is no clear delineation between OacceptableO and OpathologicalO changes. Therefore, we have coined the term Olung healthO to encompass the broad spectrum. Generally speaking, lung health can be compromised by lifestyle or disease. Whereas lifestyle changes are typically progressive and chronic, those associated with disease tend to be severe and acute. Monitoring lung health clearly has important implications in terms of occupational health and lifestyle issues, including smoking. The need for a marker of lung permeability is also regarded as the Oholy grailO in the intensive care setting. Currently, there is no way of doing so. The alveolus is lined with a liquid layer into which is secreted a complex mixture of lipids and specific proteins known as alveolar surfactant. Surfactant reduces the work of breathing. Recently, we fortuitously discovered that surfactant proteins leak into the circulation and that changes in their levels are a sensitive and early generic index of the lung?s integrity. We discovered that lung damage from conditions as diverse as smoking to the acute respiratory distress syndrome elevate circulating surfactant proteins levels. To refine our discovery we aim to: Improve the techniques used to measure the proteins Study the rate at which they enter and clear the circulation Study the influence of storage, gender, age, circadian rhythm, and smoking on the levels Study the levels in acute lung injury and in radiotherapy and cytotoxic drug treatment where the ability to monitor lung damage has immediate benefit for the patients.Read moreRead less
Improving Neonatal Transition For Compromised Infants And Minimising Lung Injury
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$188,226.00
Summary
The projects in this proposal are designed to improve the health of newly born infants before they are born (fetal lactate blood test to assist in decision making), at birth (randomized clinical trials to provide evidence for future resuscitation guidelines) and in the first few hours following preterm birth by studying alternative methods of providing existing therapies for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. These studies may prevent harm and allow a “Healthy start to life”.
Reducing Global Mortality And Severity Of Disease In Newborn Infants Through Innovation And Holistic Interventions
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$2,060,520.00
Summary
Infants born prematurely often encounter problems affecting the growth, development and function of multiple body systems. This multi-organ disease usually results from infection, inflammation, and excessive or insufficient oxygen. Importantly, many premature infants are born in low-resource settings. This fellowship aims to reduce global mortality and multi-organ disease in preterm infants using simple, holistic and low-cost interventions that directly target the underlying causative factors.
Towards Improved Respiratory Outcomes In Preterm Infants Through Rapid And Effective Aerosalisation Of Medication To The Lung
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$318,768.00
Summary
Babies born premature are greatest at risk from increasingly common respiratory illnesses. It is possible that delivering a medication by aerosol will be the most effective method of treatment. For premature babies that need breathing support, inhaled medication could improve care. For highly infectious respiratory illnesses such as RSV, with no vaccines available, we need to protect babies very early in life. I will use an established lamb model to test fast medication delivery to the lungs.