The Role Of Novel And Essential Bromodomain Proteins In Coordinating Malaria Parasite Gene Regulation And Their Potential As Anti-malarial Targets
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$689,034.00
Summary
Malaria kills over 400,000 people a year and new therapies are needed. Malaria parasites activate groups of genes by novel mechanisms that could be targeted by drugs. We will characterise a novel group of proteins to identify those that activate genes essential for parasite survival. We will also search for molecules that inhibit the proteins and kill malaria parasites. Thus we will discover how parasites control their genes and identify drug targets and inhibitors for drug development.
Immune Regulation During Uncomplicated And Severe P. Falciparum And P. Vivax Malaria
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$292,639.00
Summary
Malaria is a major global disease that kills over 1 million people every year. Immune responses induced during infection help fight the infection but can also cause tissue damage and thereby worsen disease. This study will determine differences in cellular immune responses during uncomplicated and severe malaria. Better understanding of the role of immune cells in response to infection and disease progression will assist the development of novel treatment interventions and vaccine development.
Blood clotting is dependent upon platelets. A decline in platelet number, or thrombocytopenia, is a life threatening condition that can result from various diseases or importantly as a side effect of chemotherapy. We are investigating the control of platelet production. A long term goal is to stimulate platelet production in patients by boosting the natural pathways or to generate platelet producing cells for transfusion from a patient's own skin cells by genetic reprogramming.
Unravelling The Impact Of An Energy-rich Environment On Susceptibility And Resistance To Obesity
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$796,754.00
Summary
Obesity in Australia is at a crisis point. It is clear that energy-rich environments and an individual’s genes leads to excessive weight gain, but what we don’t understand is why some individuals are more prone to this than others. Comprehending this biological regulation is imperative if we are to develop more effective drug or dietary treatments to abate this disease. Thus it is the aim of this grant to dissect the biological/genetic/possible epigenetic perturbations leading to common obesity.
Identification Of The Conformation Dependant Targets Of Autoimmune Disease Linked Variation In Human Regulatory T Cells
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$1,001,815.00
Summary
Specialised immune cells called regulatory T cells act as the policemen of the immune system, preventing the immune system attacking itself, but still fighting infections. If these cells do not work properly, autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes or IBD can arise, because of immune attack on normal body tissue by mistake. In order to explain how this goes wrong we need to carefully identify all of the gene interactions in these cells including interactions over long distances in the DNA.
Natural Treg are dependent on the transcription factor FOXP3, but the mechanism of action of FOXP3 is only now becoming defined for human Treg. Tregs are critical for a balanced, responsive immune system, and deviation from this balance results in autoimmune diseases or persistence of cancers. In order to intervene to treat these disease it is essential to first know what makes a normal Treg function, and to then compare this with the disease so that faulty genes can be targeted for intervention ....Natural Treg are dependent on the transcription factor FOXP3, but the mechanism of action of FOXP3 is only now becoming defined for human Treg. Tregs are critical for a balanced, responsive immune system, and deviation from this balance results in autoimmune diseases or persistence of cancers. In order to intervene to treat these disease it is essential to first know what makes a normal Treg function, and to then compare this with the disease so that faulty genes can be targeted for intervention with new drugs or a cell therapy.Read moreRead less
Uncovering The Epigenetic Landscape That Regulates Human Transcriptional Memory
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$708,208.00
Summary
The ‘T cells’ in our bodies develop a memory of previous infections so that we do not become ill from them again. However, we do not fully understand how this memory works and it fails as we get old. We will use cutting-edge techniques to examine the detailed molecular wiring that ‘remembers’ viruses and see how it changes over time. This is hoped to facilitate the design of new age-specific vaccines and drugs and promote a more personalised approach to preventing and treating immune diseases.
Deciphering The Hallmarks Of Transcriptional Memory In Human T Lymphocytes
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$511,316.00
Summary
The immune system works by using powerful cellular weapons, such as memory T cells, to protect us from disease. Remarkably, memory T cells are not only able to remember their first encounter, but by learning are able to make genes respond faster upon re-exposure to the pathogen. This proposal aims to determine the molecular tags that mark genes in human memory T cells. Given the current global health challenges of devising effective vaccines, this will be critical for future disease therapy.