Synthetic, Molecular and Biological Studies on Novel Marine Metabolites Isolated from Great Barrier Reef Sponges. Whilst structurally remarkable marine natural products, generated via unprecedented biosynthetic pathways, continue to be isolated from organisms found on the Barrier Reef these substances remain largely unexploited in terms of both their potent biological and ecological properties. Efficient syntheses of two classes of marine metabolites will be undertaken to allow biological, biosy ....Synthetic, Molecular and Biological Studies on Novel Marine Metabolites Isolated from Great Barrier Reef Sponges. Whilst structurally remarkable marine natural products, generated via unprecedented biosynthetic pathways, continue to be isolated from organisms found on the Barrier Reef these substances remain largely unexploited in terms of both their potent biological and ecological properties. Efficient syntheses of two classes of marine metabolites will be undertaken to allow biological, biosynthetic and ecological evaluation of advanced intermediates and final products. Such evaluations will provide new insights into the therapeutic and ecological potential as well as the origins of these natural products. New agents for the management of marine ecosystems and the treatment of oncological and other diseases should emerge.Read moreRead less
Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Australian Sponge Metabolites. The development of functional syntheses of Australian natural products and certain analogues of ecological and therapeutic significance will emerge. Such activities will lead to the identification and evaluation of molecular entities of value in managing marine environments, reduce the need for removal of organisms from marine environments both within and outside of Australia as well as helping maintain and enhance chemi ....Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Australian Sponge Metabolites. The development of functional syntheses of Australian natural products and certain analogues of ecological and therapeutic significance will emerge. Such activities will lead to the identification and evaluation of molecular entities of value in managing marine environments, reduce the need for removal of organisms from marine environments both within and outside of Australia as well as helping maintain and enhance chemical synthesis capacity within the country. The proposed studies could lead to the identification of related natural products produced by organisms on the Great Barrier Reef and that may display even more potent activities and/or complementary ecological roles.Read moreRead less
Development, Disease and Desire: AIDS and women's understandings of maternity and health among the Gogodala of PNG. This project explores articulations and experiences of health and illness among women in rural PNG, in light of the spread of HIV/AIDS in these communities. It examines the incorporation of new diseases, like HIV/AIDS, into Gogodala women's conceptualisations of sickness and health, arguing that in-depth analyses of cross-cultural notions of disease are vital for the provision of e ....Development, Disease and Desire: AIDS and women's understandings of maternity and health among the Gogodala of PNG. This project explores articulations and experiences of health and illness among women in rural PNG, in light of the spread of HIV/AIDS in these communities. It examines the incorporation of new diseases, like HIV/AIDS, into Gogodala women's conceptualisations of sickness and health, arguing that in-depth analyses of cross-cultural notions of disease are vital for the provision of effective health care. Given HIV's rapid spread into rural communities, and its devastating effects on women and children in PNG, the project seeks to provide ethnographically-informed material that contributes to the development of regional health care policies and programs.Read moreRead less
New mathematical and statistical methods that inform the control of infectious disease outbreaks. Emerging infectious diseases are an ever-present threat to our community, as highlighted by the recent SARS epidemic and current fears concerning avian influenza. The research proposed by this project will help policy makers implement effective border control and outbreak control against a variety of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, including SARS, influenza and the deliberate release o ....New mathematical and statistical methods that inform the control of infectious disease outbreaks. Emerging infectious diseases are an ever-present threat to our community, as highlighted by the recent SARS epidemic and current fears concerning avian influenza. The research proposed by this project will help policy makers implement effective border control and outbreak control against a variety of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, including SARS, influenza and the deliberate release of an infectious disease such as smallpox. The project will enhance preparedness through a better understanding of the relative merits of different control strategies, and provide new methodology that can dynamically guide border and outbreak control in the midst of an outbreak by making effective use of data. Read moreRead less
The ecological dynamics of secreted bacteriocins and the evolution of multiple bacteriocin production in Escherichia coli. Bacteria produce compounds known as bacteriocins that are toxic to other microorganisms. The success of bacteria as bio-control agents and in probiotic formulations for the control microbial pathogens is, in part, due to bacteriocins. Bacteriocins may also have a role as replacements for traditional antibiotics and as natural food preservatives. The potential usefulness of b ....The ecological dynamics of secreted bacteriocins and the evolution of multiple bacteriocin production in Escherichia coli. Bacteria produce compounds known as bacteriocins that are toxic to other microorganisms. The success of bacteria as bio-control agents and in probiotic formulations for the control microbial pathogens is, in part, due to bacteriocins. Bacteriocins may also have a role as replacements for traditional antibiotics and as natural food preservatives. The potential usefulness of bacteriocins as the active agent in bio-control agents, as antibiotic replacements, as food preservatives, and as part of the repertoire of traits in probiotic formulations requires a sound understanding of the eco-evolutionary dynamics of bacteriocins. Understanding the ecology and evolution of bacteriocins is the goal of the proposed research.Read moreRead less
The biology of arbovirus virulence and fitness in arthropod and vertebrate hosts in vivo. In Australia, Ross River virus (RRV) represents significant concern to human health. Between 1992-2005 more than 50,000 notifications of RRV infection have been reported. While not fatal, the disease is responsible for morbidity in the community/individual that can have both social and economic costs. The project has several national benefits. It will help elucidate whether there is any association between ....The biology of arbovirus virulence and fitness in arthropod and vertebrate hosts in vivo. In Australia, Ross River virus (RRV) represents significant concern to human health. Between 1992-2005 more than 50,000 notifications of RRV infection have been reported. While not fatal, the disease is responsible for morbidity in the community/individual that can have both social and economic costs. The project has several national benefits. It will help elucidate whether there is any association between RRV strain and increased risk of RRV transmission and/or occurrence of more severe cases of human disease. It will help develop technologies that can lead towards the identification of viral markers, which could provide new avenues in the design of novel antiviral strategies.
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Variation in the arginine vasopressin 1a receptor (AVPR1a) gene, the social environment, general health and wellbeing. The project aims to investigate how the arginine vasopressin 1a gene affects gene expression and influences social behaviour and ultimately health and wellbeing. This research will contribute to understanding the importance of individual differences in social policy and interventions aimed at improving health and wellbeing.
DNA methylation in insect social evolution. This project will investigate the evolutionary relationship between DNA methylation and the advanced sociality displayed by bees, ants and wasps. The project will map DNA methylation across the social insects and test whether it has coevolved with sociality. It will also determine how a vital social cue, the queen pheromone, influences the worker methylome. Finally, it will apply quantitative genetic and methylomic methods to wild insects, revealing pa ....DNA methylation in insect social evolution. This project will investigate the evolutionary relationship between DNA methylation and the advanced sociality displayed by bees, ants and wasps. The project will map DNA methylation across the social insects and test whether it has coevolved with sociality. It will also determine how a vital social cue, the queen pheromone, influences the worker methylome. Finally, it will apply quantitative genetic and methylomic methods to wild insects, revealing patterns of selection and inheritance in epigenetic and phenotypic traits. By combining genomic and evolutionary methods, the project will advance the ongoing debate about the importance of methylation to sociality and extreme phenotypic plasticity. It will contribute to a quantum leap in our understanding of DNA methylation and sociobiology and mark the first application of quantitative genetics to wild insects.Read moreRead less
Development of an 'ageing household' model for assessing medium to long-term vaccine impact in populations. As birth rates in developed and newly industrialising countries fall, so too do the number of households containing children, with implications for the spread of infections in families. We aim to study the influence of this phenomenon on the risk of common childhood infections, and the length of time that vaccines given in infancy will protect.
A novel approach for controlling insect vectors of human disease. Insects are responsible for transmitting a wide variety of debilitating human diseases such as malaria, dengue and yellow fever. Unfortunately, there are very few options available for controlling these insect pests. This project will develop a novel, eco-friendly approach for control of mosquitoes and other important disease vectors.