Assessing The Impacts Of Trawl Gear On Sawfishes In The Northern Prawn Fishery With The Aim To Identify And Test Mitigation Measures Ensuring The Long-term Sustainability Of Sawfish Populations In Northern Australia
Funder
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation
Funding Amount
$205,782.00
Summary
Commercial in confidence. To know more about this project please contact FRDC. Objectives: Commercial in confidence
Transformation In Commonwealth Fisheries Management Policy: Connecting Research, Policy And Practice In Addressing Shifting Expectations
Funder
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation
Funding Amount
$125,000.00
Summary
Australia’s fisheries management system is facing significant challenges with the resilience of small-scale operators under threat and growing pressures on the fisheries sector. New policy pathways are needed to address rising costs, climate adaptation and other cumulative pressures on industry (resource competition, market volatility, restructures, and rising operational costs). The main purpose of this short duration (6 month) project is to identify transformational strategies that can be ....Australia’s fisheries management system is facing significant challenges with the resilience of small-scale operators under threat and growing pressures on the fisheries sector. New policy pathways are needed to address rising costs, climate adaptation and other cumulative pressures on industry (resource competition, market volatility, restructures, and rising operational costs). The main purpose of this short duration (6 month) project is to identify transformational strategies that can be supported and sustained by industry and fisheries managers and provide insight into current policy reviews in progress (Nature Positive and Fish Harvest Strategy in particular). This project is an initiative of the Commonwealth Fisheries Association (CFA) and its members, with support from two Australian government agencies/authorities (AFMA and DAFF) and Seafood Industry Australia (SIA).
This is a collaborative action research project using technical workshops and case study scenario testing to examine ‘out of the box’ management tools, such as triage capability, co-management and ecosystems approaches. A two-day residential workshop will be undertaken to facilitate open discussion, knowledge sharing and scenario testing of alternative management approaches and adaptation options in three fisheries scenarios. The project will be supported by targeted pre and post activities to support linkages developed in the workshop and ensure practical outcomes. The residential workshop will be a solutions-focussed, consultative event with participants asked to come prepared to collaborate and to make commitments for change. The event is aimed at CEOs, senior level fisheries managers, commercial fishers, and youth delegates. Numbers are strictly limited.
Objectives: 1. Foster greater understanding of issues of common concern between stakeholders across priority commercial fishing sectors with government policy practitioners and researchers. 2. Investigate the advantages and disadvantages associated with proposed fisheries policy measures. 3. Identify potential fisheries policy options and new ideas for more effective fisheries management in Australia, including ways to reduce or mitigate associated risks. 4. Test the practical sectoral and regional impacts and experiences of select government policy measures through scenario testing of proposed alternative management approaches and adaptation options. 5. Publish key outcomes, insights and lessons from the workshops and project. Read moreRead less
Review Of Regulation And Policy Guiding Use Of Artificial Reefs And Fish Aggregating Devices (FAD) In Australian Waters
Funder
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation
Funding Amount
$226,750.00
Summary
Globally, Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) and artificial reefs are increasingly used tools to enhance fisheries – particularly recreational fisheries. Over the last decade there has been greater use of these tools in Australia. In recent years, FADs have been increasingly deployed including in Commonwealth waters for the purpose of enhancing recreational fisheries managed by state governments. There are concerns that the recent rapid deployment of FADs, particularly in Commonwealth waters have n ....Globally, Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) and artificial reefs are increasingly used tools to enhance fisheries – particularly recreational fisheries. Over the last decade there has been greater use of these tools in Australia. In recent years, FADs have been increasingly deployed including in Commonwealth waters for the purpose of enhancing recreational fisheries managed by state governments. There are concerns that the recent rapid deployment of FADs, particularly in Commonwealth waters have negatively impacted the operations of some Commonwealth fisheries such as the East Coast Tuna and Billfish Fishery. There are also marine safety concerns which extends beyond just commercial fishing vessels. There is a need to better understand the regulatory environment for FADs and artificial reefs to ensure that benefits can be realised while impacts avoided or mitigated. The regulatory environment for the deployment of FADs (and artificial reefs) in Commonwealth waters is potentially different from that when they are deployed in state waters. It also extends beyond fisheries legislation and includes the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act 1999), the Sea and Submerged Lands Act 1973, and the Navigation Act 2012. The administration of these Acts and associated subordinate legislation crosses several government agencies. In relation to the EPBC Act 1999, the Commonwealth marine area is a Matter of National Environmental Significance (MNES). There is however little specific guidance as to whether FADs potentially impact MNES and how any impacts can be mitigated. In addition to better understand the complex regulatory environment, there is a need to develop more effective and fit for purpose engagement strategies with all stakeholders. There is a need for national project as it is an issue which is now cross jurisdictional.
Please note we have attached responses from three State Ministers indicating their support for a collaborative approach to this issue. Objectives: 1. Identification of the current regulatory and policy frameworks in all Australian jurisdictions that guide or impact the deployment and use of FADs and artificial reefs in State, Territory and Commonwealth waters. 2. Identification of the current and projected use of FADs and artificial reefs in Australian jurisdictions. 3. With relevant input through a workshop and other tools where appropriate, development of a best practice guide for the planning, sighting and deployment of FADs and artificial reefs. Read moreRead less
Development Of An Indigenous Engagement Strategy For Fishing Interests With A Focus On Commonwealth Fisheries
Funder
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation
Funding Amount
$393,707.00
Summary
From call:
To effectively implement the new legislative requirements and Commonwealth fisheries resource sharing framework, the Commonwealth is seeking to develop an appropriate ‘Indigenous engagement strategy’. This engagement strategy will also be relevant for other Australian jurisdictions. The Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment (DAWE) and the Australian Fisheries Management Authority (AFMA) are key stakeholders in this work and will have significant input. It is al ....From call:
To effectively implement the new legislative requirements and Commonwealth fisheries resource sharing framework, the Commonwealth is seeking to develop an appropriate ‘Indigenous engagement strategy’. This engagement strategy will also be relevant for other Australian jurisdictions. The Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment (DAWE) and the Australian Fisheries Management Authority (AFMA) are key stakeholders in this work and will have significant input. It is also envisaged that the Australian Fisheries Management Forum (AFMF), comprised of the Directors of Fisheries in each jurisdiction and the Commonwealth and its Indigenous subcommittee will be kept abreast and engaged regarding the research outputs. Objectives: 1. To develop a strategy to guide effective engagement between Indigenous fishing interests and management agencies responsible for Commonwealth fisheries, and with applicability to appropriate state and local level processes. Read moreRead less
Using Multiple Values To Inform The Management Of Australian Marine Partially Protected Areas
Funder
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation
Funding Amount
$280,411.00
Summary
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are a primary tool for conservation and protection of marine habitats and their associated marine life. However, 69% of MPAs are partially open to some form of fishing activity, either recreational or commercial (Turnbull, et al., 2021). In Australia, which has the second largest MPA network in the world, 75% of the total MPA area is partially protected (Roberts et al., 2020). While these partially protected areas (PPAs) provide economic and social benefits, this co ....Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are a primary tool for conservation and protection of marine habitats and their associated marine life. However, 69% of MPAs are partially open to some form of fishing activity, either recreational or commercial (Turnbull, et al., 2021). In Australia, which has the second largest MPA network in the world, 75% of the total MPA area is partially protected (Roberts et al., 2020). While these partially protected areas (PPAs) provide economic and social benefits, this comes at the cost of reduced conservation benefits. Hence, the implementation of PPAs as a management tool to safeguard habitat and aquatic resources is underpinned by a tension to balance environmental, economic, and social values of multiple users.
Managing this balance requires that resource managers are cognisant of these diverse user values, and have an appropriate management framework to ensure that decision making results in socially optimal outcomes where possible. Decision making that does not considered these multi-user values can result in undesirable trade-offs, adverse environmental impacts, unnecessary complexity, ineffectiveness of management, inefficiency in resource use, social conflict and increased costs.
From the FRDC R&D priorities, access to aquatic resources, guided by good management, is fundamental for the continued delivery of economic and social benefits such as food, income, employment, recreation and cultural identity for all Australians. Optimising these benefits means sharing resources fairly using open and evidence-based processes within the limits of sustainability. As a first step to developing optimal multi-user management, there is a need to first review, and where possible, quantify the multiple values (environmental, economic, and social) that are attained through the implementation of PPAs.
Roberts, K. E., Hill, O., Cook, C. N. (2020). Evaluating perceptions of marine protection in Australia: Does policy match public expectation? Marine Policy 112: 103766 Turnbull, J. W., Johnston, E. L., Clark, G. F. (2021). Evaluating the social and ecological effectiveness of partially protected marine areas. Conservation Biology 35: 921-932.
Objectives: 1. Undertake a review of existing literature on values of partially protected areas, including a review of different frameworks in which the environmental, social and economic values can be incorporated for management decision making 2. Assess the key environmental, social and economic values and their trade-offs in the use of partially protected areas, based on two case studies 3. Identify how understanding these values can assist management decision making when implementing marine parks more broadly in Australia Read moreRead less
The Multiple Values Attained Through Partially Protected Areas
Funder
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation
Funding Amount
$227,634.86
Summary
In Australia, the definition, and objectives of partially protected areas (PPAs) in the marine environment are inconsistent across jurisdictions. Some examples of PPAs in Australia include spatial or temporal closures to commercial fishing; ‘special-use’ or ‘multi-use’ zones within marine protected areas; and marine zones where recreational fishing is allowed for specific species.
The implementation of such areas is underpinned by a tension to balance the environmental, economic, and s ....In Australia, the definition, and objectives of partially protected areas (PPAs) in the marine environment are inconsistent across jurisdictions. Some examples of PPAs in Australia include spatial or temporal closures to commercial fishing; ‘special-use’ or ‘multi-use’ zones within marine protected areas; and marine zones where recreational fishing is allowed for specific species.
The implementation of such areas is underpinned by a tension to balance the environmental, economic, and social values of multiple users, and multiple objectives of such areas. In turn, resource managers require systematic knowledge of these diverse user values to consider them in decision making and ensure mutually beneficial outcomes wherever possible.
Within Australia, a wide range and combination of such regulations are applied in both Commonweath and State-managed waters, but there is limited understanding of associated effectiveness and implementation of PPAs relative to their stated goals.
Consultation with key stakeholders in Parks Australia, ABARES, DPIPWE (Tasmania), Parks Victoria, and researchers recently working in Fisheries NSW, highlighted the requirement to create an inventory of current PPAs, and where possible, quantify the multiple benefits (environmental, economic, and social) currently attained through PPAs to provide resource managers with evidence-based tools to implement appropriate marine zoning policies.
Recent analyses have suggested there is no benefit to the introduction of specific types of PPAs along the New South Wales coastline (Turnbull et al. 2021) and we will build on the results of this study to quantitatively understand whether these results are representative for all PPAs in Australian and Commonwealth-managed waters.
This project will review definitions of the main objectives for PPAs across Australia and characterise their implementation across Australia. We will then quantify the extent to which specific types of PPAs achieve their stated goals and use the results to develop evidence-based decision support tools, in conjunction with marine resource managers, to facilitate effective implementation of appropriate marine policies. Objectives: 1. Review definitions of environmental, economic and social objectives for partially protected marine areas across Australia. 2. Characterise partially protected area (PPA) implementation across Australia. 3. Analyse to what extent PPAs achieve their stated goals and allow for fair access to marine resources. 4. Develop quantitative decision support tools suitable for resource managers to evaluate PPA implementation strategies. Read moreRead less
Developing And Validating Novel Methods To Estimate Age- And Size-at-maturity In South Eastern Australian Fisheries
Funder
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation
Funding Amount
$348,420.00
Summary
We submit this EOI to the priority ‘Biological parameters for stock assessments in South Eastern Australia – a information and capacity uplift’
Empirical observations from around the world have shown that intense fisheries harvest and oceanic warming can both lead to individuals reaching sexual maturity at younger ages and smaller sizes (Waples and Audzijonyte 2016). We know that younger and smaller mothers produce fewer eggs that may be of poorer quality than those from older and lar ....We submit this EOI to the priority ‘Biological parameters for stock assessments in South Eastern Australia – a information and capacity uplift’
Empirical observations from around the world have shown that intense fisheries harvest and oceanic warming can both lead to individuals reaching sexual maturity at younger ages and smaller sizes (Waples and Audzijonyte 2016). We know that younger and smaller mothers produce fewer eggs that may be of poorer quality than those from older and larger mothers (Barneche et al. 2018). Further, young mothers often need to build up their energy reserves before spawning each year, meaning that they experience a constrained spawning season. A shorter spawning window reduces the likelihood that their offspring will encounter an environment favourable for growth and survival (Wright and Gibb 2005). Harvest-induced declines in age and size at maturity have, for example, been implicated as one of the main drivers underpinning the collapse of Canadian Atlantic cod stocks (Hutchings and Rangeley 2011).
Environmental stress can also lead to poorer conditioned fish that lack the resources to spawn at all. The prevalence of ‘skip spawning’, as it is known, is hard to ascertain in wild populations but could be as high as 30% of the sexually mature biomass in some years (Rideout and Tomkiewicz 2011). Earlier maturity and skip spawning both have the potential to significantly impact on the biomass of sexually mature individuals in a stock and overall levels of recruitment success. Failure to properly account for these reproductive phenomena can lead to significant under- or over-estimation of SSB, which in turn leads to ineffective management advice that may heighten the risk of stock decline, unnecessarily limit catches, or impede stock recovery.
The rapid warming of southeast Australian waters has already been implicated in driving significant increases in the juvenile growth rates of harvested species, including tiger flathead, redfish and jackass morwong (Thresher et al. 2007, Morrongiello and Thresher 2015). It is plausible that these growth changes (predicted by eco-physiological theory, Atkinson 1994) are linked to commensurate, yet unknown, declines in age and size at maturity. Further, warmer waters may be stressing spawning adults (Portner and Farrell 2008), leading to an increased prevalence of skip spawning in southeast Australian fishes. Importantly, in recent times the biomass of several SESSF species has failed to recover despite significant management intervention. There is a real and pressing need to update the maturity parameters used in assessment models to reduce uncertainty in stock projections.
Our two-part project will refine and validate novel otolith-based methods to estimate an individual’s age at maturity and spawning dynamics from information naturally recorded in its otolith, and then apply this to existing otolith collections. AFMA already invests significant resources into the routine collection of otoliths for ageing purposes. In Part One of our project, we propose to value-add to these existing monitoring programs by developing new maturity and spawning assays that can be readily integrated into stock assessments to reduce model uncertainty and improve harvest strategies (FRDC strategic outcome 2 & 4), in turn bolstering community trust in projections (FRDC strategic outcome 5). In Part Two of our project, we will develop unprecedented insight into the reproductive history of SESSF stocks by recreating time series of maturity using archived otoliths that are currently sitting idle in storage.
Postgraduate students and early career researchers will play a central role in the development and delivery of our project. This experience will help provide a clear pathway for graduates into fisheries science. Our project will bolster the capacity and capability of fish ageing laboratories across Australia to deliver improved monitoring services to fisheries managers (FRDC enabling strategy IV).
More generally, we believe that our novel maturity and spawning assays have the potential to impact on fisheries assessment in other jurisdictions across the world that experience the same time and cost impediments we face here in Australia. Perhaps most excitingly, our assays have the potential to provide much needed maturity information to data poor and emerging fisheries across the Info-Pacific region using information in already collected otoliths.
References Atkinson, D. 1994. Temperature and organism size: a biological law for ectotherms? Advances in ecological research 25:1-58. Barneche, D. R., D. R. Robertson, C. R. White, and D. J. Marshall. 2018. Fish reproductive-energy output increases disproportionately with body size. Science 360:642-645. Hutchings, J. A., and R. W. Rangeley. 2011. Correlates of recovery for Canadian Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Canadian Journal of Zoology 89:386-400. Morrongiello, J. R., and R. E. Thresher. 2015. A statistical framework to explore ontogenetic growth variation among individuals and populations: a marine fish example. Ecological Monographs 85:93-115. Portner, H. O., and A. P. Farrell. 2008. Physiology and climate change. Science 322:690-692. Rideout, R. M., and J. Tomkiewicz. 2011. Skipped spawning in fishes: more common than you might think. Marine and Coastal Fisheries 3:176-189. Thresher, R. E., J. A. Koslow, A. K. Morison, and D. C. Smith. 2007. Depth-mediated reversal of the effects of climate change on long-term growth rates of exploited marine fish. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104:7461-7465. Waples, R. S., and A. Audzijonyte. 2016. Fishery-induced evolution provides insights into adaptive responses of marine species to climate change. Front. Ecol. Environ. 14:217-224. Wright, P. J., and F. M. Gibb. 2005. Selection for birth date in North Sea haddock and its relation to maternal age. Journal of Animal Ecology 74:303-312.
Objectives: 1. Refinement and validation of three methods to estimate the maturity and spawning history of SESSF species, using information naturally archived in fish otoliths 2. Identification of an accurate and cost-effective method to estimate fish age at maturity and spawning history from their otoliths 3. Recreation of the maturity and spawning history of a SESSF species using one of our three novel assays 4. Quantification of how rapid ocean warming and harvest have affected the expression of age at maturity and the propensity of a SESSF species to skip spawn Read moreRead less
Toolbox For The Estimation Of Fish Population Abundance
Funder
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation
Funding Amount
$175,000.00
Summary
Abundance estimates are used both directly and indirectly in stock assessment processes to support fishery management. Australia’s fisheries research agencies all estimate fish population abundance in some way. These include genetic and conventional tagging, acoustics (active and passive), trawl and egg surveys, as well as using proxies of abundance such as catch. Each of these methods have benefits, biases and caveats linked to the method and to the fish species being assessed. For example, dif ....Abundance estimates are used both directly and indirectly in stock assessment processes to support fishery management. Australia’s fisheries research agencies all estimate fish population abundance in some way. These include genetic and conventional tagging, acoustics (active and passive), trawl and egg surveys, as well as using proxies of abundance such as catch. Each of these methods have benefits, biases and caveats linked to the method and to the fish species being assessed. For example, differences between life history and habitat can make an abundance estimation method that has worked for one species unsuitable for another. As the application of each method of estimating abundance is potentially species/scenario specific, potential use by researchers and managers can be fraught.
In developing or proposing an abundance estimate for use in fisheries assessment, researchers must have a clear understanding of the assessment framework in order to make sure that an abundance estimate can be used. Claims such as “this time series can then be used in stock assessment” must be verified by funding agencies (particularly beyond FRDC) and defensible. Proliferation of abundance estimation methods without links to the assessment process will not yield an expected benefit beyond knowledge accumulation.
A project is needed to capture the range of methods of estimating abundance for management purposes, and specify the conditions of use, limitations and readiness level for operational use. A decision tree and methods ‘toolbox’ that describes the techniques, their relative strengths and weaknesses will help researchers and managers identify the best suited abundance estimate approach, and guide research effort to overcome known weaknesses.
The development of a ‘toolbox’ of techniques would be used to inform: 1. techniques available to estimate abundance 2. suitability of them to different conditions such as life history, and data availability 3. requirements of the technique such as methods used, prerequisite expertise, data and cost; and 4. circumstances under which the technique can be used. This project would also identify potential new approaches and technologies that might complement or replace current ones. Objectives: 1. To document the various methods available to fisheries managers for estimating abundance. 2. To document a cost / benefit / needs and requirements basis for the various methods available to fisheries managers for estimating abundance. 3. Develop a ‘toolbox’ to disseminate details of fit-for-purpose methods of estimating abundance to fisheries managers and management agencies, that will informi. the techniques that are available to estimate abundanceii.the suitability of the technique to different scenarios such as life history parameters of species, data availability (or absence), assumed low population sizeiii.the requirements of the technique such as methods used, pre-requisite expertise, data and costiv.under what circumstances can the technique be used and the underlying assumptions. 4. To identify potential new (and non-lethal) approaches and emerging technologies that may offer an opportunity for capturing fishery dependent data that can be used to estimate abundance Read moreRead less