Functional Neurogenesis In The Injured Neocortex Of The Nonhuman Primate
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$966,048.00
Summary
Research over the past couple of decades has revolutionised our understanding of the capacity of the brain to generate new cells, especially following an injury. However, what does remain controversial is whether this phenomenon occurs in all areas of the brain, especially following a severe traumatic brain injury or stroke. This project will examine whether the outer surface of the brain has the potential to generate new cells following a brain injury and whether they become functional.
Genes Important For Early Brain Development Are Also Important For Adult Brain Disease
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$850,346.00
Summary
I committed to understanding of how the brain develops, grows and regenerates. My laboratory is active in finding a cure for brain injury following brain trauma or brain ischemia. I have discovered that the genes that drive neuron migration and wiring in the fetus also function in the adult brain to improve neuron survival and regeneration. Probing the function of these genes will deliver twin benefits in preventing brain disorder in the newborn and treating brain disease in the adult.
Targeting Tau Phosphorylation To Treat And Prevent Acquired Epilepsy, Neurodegeneration And Neuropsychiatric Disease Following A Brain Injury
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$524,820.00
Summary
This project will explore a new approach to the prevention and treatment of epilepsy and the associated mental health disorders following a brain injury. This involves inhibiting pathological forms of the Tau protein, which has been implicated in the development of epilepsy and neurodegeneration. The drug that will be tested in this study has already been demonstrated to be safe and well tolerated in humans, meaning that a positive result from these studies could be expediently translated into c ....This project will explore a new approach to the prevention and treatment of epilepsy and the associated mental health disorders following a brain injury. This involves inhibiting pathological forms of the Tau protein, which has been implicated in the development of epilepsy and neurodegeneration. The drug that will be tested in this study has already been demonstrated to be safe and well tolerated in humans, meaning that a positive result from these studies could be expediently translated into clinical studies.Read moreRead less
Understanding The Role Of Caudal Auditory Belt Areas In Perception Of Complex Sounds
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$773,518.00
Summary
Although the auditory cortex is key to our understanding of several neurological conditions, including language impairments, the functions of many of its areas are still unknown. Using an animal model, we will examine the roles of different auditory areas in separating important sounds from noise. This is a critical role in coordinating our body’s responses to acoustic stimuli. This study will help clarify how these areas contribute to how we normally process sounds, and what deficits are likely ....Although the auditory cortex is key to our understanding of several neurological conditions, including language impairments, the functions of many of its areas are still unknown. Using an animal model, we will examine the roles of different auditory areas in separating important sounds from noise. This is a critical role in coordinating our body’s responses to acoustic stimuli. This study will help clarify how these areas contribute to how we normally process sounds, and what deficits are likely to occur if they are damaged.Read moreRead less
Sensory Cortex Processing Changes Underlying Brain And Behaviour Deficits Caused By Traumatic Brain Injury
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$576,795.00
Summary
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) from physical head trauma causes behavior and cognitive deficits. The burden for victims, families and the community is enormous: total life-time expenses in moderate-to-severe TBI are estimated to be $8.6 billion in Australia. We aim to elucidate whether changes in how the brain processes sensory information could underlie TBI-induced deficits in complex behaviour and whether these changes will be ameliorated by the three currently-most-promising treatments for TBI.
Optimum Thiamine Dose For Treatment And Prevention Of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (WKS): A Randomised Controlled Trial Targeting Aboriginal People.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$1,293,716.00
Summary
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS), once thought to be a rare condition, is now known to be common in people with nutritional deficiencies or alcohol dependence. WKS may lead to significant, long-term brain dysfunction with severe effects on work, personal and social function. Whilst effective treatment may greatly reduce severe disability and the human and social costs of this illness, almost no evidence exists on optimal dosing regimens. This project proposes to develop quality evidence for eff ....Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS), once thought to be a rare condition, is now known to be common in people with nutritional deficiencies or alcohol dependence. WKS may lead to significant, long-term brain dysfunction with severe effects on work, personal and social function. Whilst effective treatment may greatly reduce severe disability and the human and social costs of this illness, almost no evidence exists on optimal dosing regimens. This project proposes to develop quality evidence for effective treatment of WKS in an Aboriginal setting.Read moreRead less
Substance P Antagonists As A Novel Therapeutic Intervention In Stroke
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$318,267.00
Summary
Stroke is the major cause of disability in adults over 45 years of age in Australia. The economic and social cost of stroke is enormous with billions of dollars spent each year on the management and rehabilitation of stroke patients. Despite the enormity of this public health problem, no effective treatment currently exists. A number of studies have now demonstrated that much of the morbidity following stroke is associated with the breakdown of the blood brain barrier, development of oedema, and ....Stroke is the major cause of disability in adults over 45 years of age in Australia. The economic and social cost of stroke is enormous with billions of dollars spent each year on the management and rehabilitation of stroke patients. Despite the enormity of this public health problem, no effective treatment currently exists. A number of studies have now demonstrated that much of the morbidity following stroke is associated with the breakdown of the blood brain barrier, development of oedema, and subsequent brain damage in areas surrounding the central region of the stroke. These events develop over hours to days following the stroke and are known as secondary injury. This delayed progression of injury suggests that appropriate pharmacologic intervention can prevent, or at least attenuate, this secondary injury process with a resultant improvement in outcome. Nonetheless, few interventions are available that can limit this development. Our own recent studies have demonstrated that regions in brains which demonstrate the presence of stroke also exhibit signs of neurogenic inflammation, which has been associated with oedema formation, oxidative damage and cell death in other tissues. Although a number of neuropeptides have been implicated in this process, it is thought that substance P release is closely associated with these pathophysiological processes. Thus, inhibiting substance P binding may offer a novel therapeutic approach to attenuating oedema formation and the development of neurologic deficits following stroke. This proposal will utilise a combined biochemical, pharmacologic and behavioural approach to characterize the role of neurogenic inflammation in the development of oedema and neurologic deficits following stroke. Moreover, we will develop a novel pharmacotherapy that can potentially be used in the treatment of clinical stroke.Read moreRead less
Organization And Function Of Primate Auditory Cortex
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$271,671.00
Summary
The conscious perception of speech and other sounds depends on processing within a brain region known as the auditory cortex. Compared to other brain areas, relatively little is known about the organization and function of this structure. Recent studies have proposed that the auditory cortex may be anatomically subdivided into functional modules, each of which is specialized for processing different types of information. However, the evidence for multiple processing streams is fragmentary, and n ....The conscious perception of speech and other sounds depends on processing within a brain region known as the auditory cortex. Compared to other brain areas, relatively little is known about the organization and function of this structure. Recent studies have proposed that the auditory cortex may be anatomically subdivided into functional modules, each of which is specialized for processing different types of information. However, the evidence for multiple processing streams is fragmentary, and not entirely consistent. The proposed experiments will combine anatomical and physiological approaches to evaluate the functional organization of auditory cortex in the primate brain. We will map the electrical responses of single brain cells to various complex sounds across the brain surface, and inject dyes to label pathways linking brain areas to one another. The data will allow us to determine whether specific subdivisions of the auditory cortex are specialized for processing different types of infomation, and whether specific subdivisions are linked together to form processing streams specialized for sound recognition and space perception. The results will advance our understanding of the neuronal processing involved in the perception of sound, with possible implications for speech perception. This will help to understand the consequences of brain damage, and may inform the development of hearing aids and artificial voice recognition systems. In addition, this study will help to develop a primate model for studying brain mechanisms of sound recognition that should be useful in research on cochlear implants.Read moreRead less
Functional imaging of colour pathways in the living eye. In order to repair or regenerate a diseased eye, we require knowledge of the normal pattern or nerve cell connections, and knowing how biology solves the problem of colour vision can be used to improve the design of artificial vision systems. The adaptive optics machine we will build in this project can be used to image nerve cells, fine blood vessels, and nerve fibre bundles in the normal and diseased eye. This will improve Australia's re ....Functional imaging of colour pathways in the living eye. In order to repair or regenerate a diseased eye, we require knowledge of the normal pattern or nerve cell connections, and knowing how biology solves the problem of colour vision can be used to improve the design of artificial vision systems. The adaptive optics machine we will build in this project can be used to image nerve cells, fine blood vessels, and nerve fibre bundles in the normal and diseased eye. This will improve Australia's research and development capacity in this new area of medical diagnostics. Our machine will be made available to other Australian laboratories and will improve the national capacity for making further scientific discoveries about how the visual system works.Read moreRead less
Immediate Cooling And Emergency Decompression (ICED) For The Treatment Of Spinal Cord Injury: Pilot, Safety And Feasibility Studies
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$600,008.00
Summary
Victims of Spinal Cord Injury are young, have severe paralysis, complex needs and high lifetime costs. Although urgent surgery greatly improves outcome, it is difficult to achieve because of logistical difficulties. To expand the time window for early surgery, it is proposed to immediately cool patients. This project will conduct the pilot studies necessary before commencing a clinical trial of immediate cooling and emergency decompression (ICED) in patients with cervical spinal cord injuries.