How The Placental Protein Syncytin Impairs Maternal Immune Responses To Influenza
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$609,862.00
Summary
Pregnant women are known to be highly susceptible to certain viral infections, especially influenza, which results in severe illness and even death. The reason for this transitory susceptibility are unknown. We have found that a protein, Syncytin, has the ability to impair maternal immune responses to influenza We now will determine how it does this and discover potential interventions to reverse these effects.
Bacterial And Host Drivers Of Fulminant Community-acquired Acinetobacter Baumannii Infection
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$729,315.00
Summary
This proposal aims to understand how a bacterial pathogen causes severe, life-threatening infections in people from the community in northern Australia. This severe infection particularly impacts people who drink excess alcohol or have diabetes mellitus, and importantly impacts Indigenous Australians the greatest. This work will provide, for the first time, important insights into new prevention and treatment strategies for a serious infection impacting Australians and those in our region.
Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of The 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine On Pneumococcal Serotypes Causing Pneumonia In Children
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$1,137,532.00
Summary
Streptococcus pneumonia (Pneumococcus) is a bug that is a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality world-wide. Vaccinations have been recently brought onto the national immunisation program to try and combat this. This study aims to assess the new 13 valent Pneumococcal vaccine by studying its effectiveness in preventing childhood pneumonia in Australia by analysing the strains of Pneumococus in the blood and the fluid surrounding the lining the lung in complicated pneumonia using sens ....Streptococcus pneumonia (Pneumococcus) is a bug that is a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality world-wide. Vaccinations have been recently brought onto the national immunisation program to try and combat this. This study aims to assess the new 13 valent Pneumococcal vaccine by studying its effectiveness in preventing childhood pneumonia in Australia by analysing the strains of Pneumococus in the blood and the fluid surrounding the lining the lung in complicated pneumonia using sensitive molecular techniques.Read moreRead less
Optimisation By Platform Trial Involving Multiple Interventions With Simultaneous Evaluation In Community Acquired Pneumonia (OPTIMISE-CAP)
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$4,413,145.00
Summary
In Australia severe Community Acquired Pneumonia is responsible for more than 7000 ICU admissions and 1400 deaths each year. This trial will determine the optimal treatments among existing choices of therapy related to choice of antibiotic, ventilator strategy and modulation of the immune system. The trial uses new methods to answer more research questions as quickly as possible.
Identifying The Microbiological Risk Factors For Acute Lower Respiratory Infection In Indigenous Children To Inform Future Intervention Strategies
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$495,745.00
Summary
Lung infections such as pneumonia are common in Indigenous children, and can lead to repeated hospitalisation and permanent lung damage. They are also an important cause of preventable death in children. This study will look at the role of bacteria and viruses in lung infections, and will inform interventions to reduce the burden and consequences of lung infections in Indigenous children.
Interferon Mediated Control Of Legionella Infection
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$628,848.00
Summary
Bacterial lung infections are a serious cause of illness and death in humans. To fight infection the body activates the immune system using a network of signalling molecules. We are studying exactly how one of these signalling molecules called interferon controls the infection. Interferon induces the killing of bacteria that are replicating inside human lung cells. How interferon drives bacterial death is not known and this will be studied in this proposal.
A Multi-centre Double-blind RCT On Community-acquired Pneumonia In Indigenous Children And A Developing Country: Improving Clinical Outcomes And Identifying Systemic Biomarkers
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$2,167,560.00
Summary
Young children of Indigenous communities and developing countries are often hospitalised for pneumonia and have high risk of subsequent chronic disease. Our international study will determine if a longer duration of antibiotics (compared to shorter duration) improves the short and long term clinical outcomes of children hospitalised for pneumonia. We will look for unique markers that may predict those who will develop chronic lung disease. Our study will influence future guidelines on pneumonia.
Influenza A Virus PB1-F2 Protein: A Putative Virulence Factor And Initiator Of Inflammation
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$474,718.00
Summary
Influenza virus produces a protein of undefined function called PB1-F2. Infection of mice with virus expressing PB1-F2 from virulent strains causes severe lung inflammation, while PB1-F2 from milder seasonal viruses does not. We will examine how PB1-F2 influences virulence of human influenza in the ferret, which exhibits the same illness as humans. This work will help understand the disease severity of newly evolved influenza viruses of humans and the role of PB1-F2 in mediating this.