Active Ice-Shelf Rift Systems on the Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica. Our work will inform the public on how the Antarctic might contribute to global sea level rise, e.g., are current iceberg production rates accelerating and causing inland ice to flow into the sea more rapidly? Furthermore, a greater understanding of the important Earth systems, including the ocean-ice-atmosphere system, is important to a society contemplating the responsibilities of stewardship of the planet as we move into t ....Active Ice-Shelf Rift Systems on the Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica. Our work will inform the public on how the Antarctic might contribute to global sea level rise, e.g., are current iceberg production rates accelerating and causing inland ice to flow into the sea more rapidly? Furthermore, a greater understanding of the important Earth systems, including the ocean-ice-atmosphere system, is important to a society contemplating the responsibilities of stewardship of the planet as we move into the era of potentially profound effects from global climate change.Read moreRead less
Lags and legacies: antecedent effects on grassland biomass response to carbon dioxide. This project aims to assess how past conditions influence grassland responses to the rising atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide. High CO2 concentrations should stimulate productivity but in grasslands this is rarely realised because other, mostly unknown, factors constrain the response. By synthesising data from past experiments, this project aims to determine exactly why grasslands fail to realise the ....Lags and legacies: antecedent effects on grassland biomass response to carbon dioxide. This project aims to assess how past conditions influence grassland responses to the rising atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide. High CO2 concentrations should stimulate productivity but in grasslands this is rarely realised because other, mostly unknown, factors constrain the response. By synthesising data from past experiments, this project aims to determine exactly why grasslands fail to realise the full productivity benefits of increased CO2 and when this will happen. This should improve predictions of carbon exchange and indicating the best direction for climate change adaptation measures.Read moreRead less
Masers: high resolution probes of star formation. The largest stars in the Galaxy play a vital role in the formation of
the atoms which make life on Earth possible. The birth of these stars
is shrouded in gas and dust through which only radiowaves penetrate.
In this project we will make observations of interstellar masers from
the hydroxyl and methanol molecules and through mathematical modelling
of molecular excitation and radiative transfer probe the physical,
chemical and evolution ....Masers: high resolution probes of star formation. The largest stars in the Galaxy play a vital role in the formation of
the atoms which make life on Earth possible. The birth of these stars
is shrouded in gas and dust through which only radiowaves penetrate.
In this project we will make observations of interstellar masers from
the hydroxyl and methanol molecules and through mathematical modelling
of molecular excitation and radiative transfer probe the physical,
chemical and evolutionary status of the high-mass stars associated
with the masers.Read moreRead less
Radio Interferometer Studies of Compact Astronomical Sources. The giant black holes in the centres of distant galaxies that are the topic of this study are used to set the reference frame for geodesy on the earth. Remote and exotic as they are, they have real-world applications such as improving the positions available from GPS receivers and measuring continental drift. The signal processing equipment being developed for this new telescope is based on FPGA (field programmable gate array) chips ....Radio Interferometer Studies of Compact Astronomical Sources. The giant black holes in the centres of distant galaxies that are the topic of this study are used to set the reference frame for geodesy on the earth. Remote and exotic as they are, they have real-world applications such as improving the positions available from GPS receivers and measuring continental drift. The signal processing equipment being developed for this new telescope is based on FPGA (field programmable gate array) chips, that promise to revolutionize the data processing industry, from radar to cellular telephones to computer networks. The young scientists who are working on this project will go on to lead the commercial and industrial applications of this new technology.Read moreRead less
The scale and structure of the Milky Way. This project aims to use new Australian infrastructure to make the most accurate distance measurements to date in the southern Milky Way, completing the three-dimensional picture of our Galaxy. Australia's international standing in astronomy has led to it being one of the host countries for the square kilometre array project, which will bring significant economic and technological benefits to the country. This project builds upon Australia's astronomical ....The scale and structure of the Milky Way. This project aims to use new Australian infrastructure to make the most accurate distance measurements to date in the southern Milky Way, completing the three-dimensional picture of our Galaxy. Australia's international standing in astronomy has led to it being one of the host countries for the square kilometre array project, which will bring significant economic and technological benefits to the country. This project builds upon Australia's astronomical expertise and will provide the most accurate picture to date of the Milky Way. Astronomy provides unique opportunities for engaging the community in discussions of science and society and inspires students to study STEM subjects.Read moreRead less
The Southern Ocean Meridional Overturning Circulation: New observations of vertical mixing. The Southern Ocean and Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) play profound roles in Australian and global climate. However, we know little about how they will be affected by global warming. New velocity observations will tell us how the vertical mixing that contributes to the meridional overturning circulation, and ACC strength, change with the seasons and from year to year. The observations will also gi ....The Southern Ocean Meridional Overturning Circulation: New observations of vertical mixing. The Southern Ocean and Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) play profound roles in Australian and global climate. However, we know little about how they will be affected by global warming. New velocity observations will tell us how the vertical mixing that contributes to the meridional overturning circulation, and ACC strength, change with the seasons and from year to year. The observations will also give us a better understanding of the oceanic and atmospheric processes that drive these changes. This new information will allow climate models to be better constrained so they can more accurately predict changes to Australian and global climate.Read moreRead less
A survey of the interstellar medium in the Milky Way and Magellanic Clouds using the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder. Between the stars in the Milky Way there are clouds of gas and dust; old stars eject heavy elements into this interstellar medium, and new stars form when interstellar clouds collapse under their own gravity. This survey is making maps of the interstellar gas using spectral lines at radio wavelengths to trace the cycle of star formation.
Nucleophilic carbenes as organocatalysts for asymmetric synthesis. Chemical compounds which come in two chiral mirror images (enantiomers) can have very different biological function. Often one form can have beneficial effects while the other can cause great harm (such as birth defects in the case of thalidomide). It is therefore very important for the drug industry to have asymmetric chemical reactions that lead specifically to only one enantiomer. The asymmetric reactions in this project ha ....Nucleophilic carbenes as organocatalysts for asymmetric synthesis. Chemical compounds which come in two chiral mirror images (enantiomers) can have very different biological function. Often one form can have beneficial effects while the other can cause great harm (such as birth defects in the case of thalidomide). It is therefore very important for the drug industry to have asymmetric chemical reactions that lead specifically to only one enantiomer. The asymmetric reactions in this project have been used previously to synthesise the anti-cancer metabolite roseophilin. The results of this project will ensure that there are many more similar success stories in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries.Read moreRead less
Transient Astronomical Sources at Radio Frequencies. Australian radio telescopes are among the finest and most modern anywhere in the world, and they are the only such instruments that can study the Southern Hemisphere sky. The University of Tasmania operates two radio observatories, at Hobart, Tas, and Ceduna, SA, that are used together to detect astronomical pulses arriving simultaneously at the two sites. The techniques of interference suppression, dispersion searching, fast sampling over b ....Transient Astronomical Sources at Radio Frequencies. Australian radio telescopes are among the finest and most modern anywhere in the world, and they are the only such instruments that can study the Southern Hemisphere sky. The University of Tasmania operates two radio observatories, at Hobart, Tas, and Ceduna, SA, that are used together to detect astronomical pulses arriving simultaneously at the two sites. The techniques of interference suppression, dispersion searching, fast sampling over broad bandwidths, and high speed data transmission between Ceduna and Hobart that will be implemented in this project have direct applications in science and the communications industry. The students who will develop this equipment will carry over their expertise to the private sector.Read moreRead less
Understanding spread in sea level rise projections. This project aims to investigate changes in water properties and ocean circulation mechanisms leading to intermodel spread in sea-level projections. Sea-level rise projections for this 21st century largely disagree in magnitude and spatial changes between climate models, particularly in hotspots. The expected outcomes will contribute towards more rigorous constraints on the likelihood of future warming and sea-level rise projections, and are al ....Understanding spread in sea level rise projections. This project aims to investigate changes in water properties and ocean circulation mechanisms leading to intermodel spread in sea-level projections. Sea-level rise projections for this 21st century largely disagree in magnitude and spatial changes between climate models, particularly in hotspots. The expected outcomes will contribute towards more rigorous constraints on the likelihood of future warming and sea-level rise projections, and are aligned with scientific deliverables required to address key questions in support of Australia’s climate change policy. They are also aligned with international scientific deliverables in support of the World Climate Research Programme Grand Challenge on Regional Sea Level Change and Coastal Impacts.Read moreRead less