Identifying the goals and strategies people use to make others feel worse. This project aims to identify the goals and strategies people use to make others feel worse, the situation factors affecting goal formation, and the relative impact of different strategies. The project will develop a novel theoretical framework by applying emotion regulation theory a new area (worsening others' emotions), testing predictions through intensive longitudinal methods, experimental studies and a cross-national ....Identifying the goals and strategies people use to make others feel worse. This project aims to identify the goals and strategies people use to make others feel worse, the situation factors affecting goal formation, and the relative impact of different strategies. The project will develop a novel theoretical framework by applying emotion regulation theory a new area (worsening others' emotions), testing predictions through intensive longitudinal methods, experimental studies and a cross-national comparison of 15+ countries. Expected outcomes include new knowledge of the universal psychological processes that underpin aversive interactions, enhanced capacity for international collaboration, and policy guidance. Benefits include the potential to improve programs to decrease workplace bullying and domestic violence.Read moreRead less
Discovery Early Career Researcher Award - Grant ID: DE230101223
Funder
Australian Research Council
Funding Amount
$336,318.00
Summary
Using metacognitive self-evaluation to improve knowledge transfer. The knowledge and skills developed in the classroom often do not transfer to the workplace or even to other subjects at school. This project aims to evaluate how the transfer of knowledge can be enhanced by prompting students to evaluate and reflect on their performance in specific ways. The project will identify how different students respond to self-evaluation and how self-evaluation can most effectively be designed and applied ....Using metacognitive self-evaluation to improve knowledge transfer. The knowledge and skills developed in the classroom often do not transfer to the workplace or even to other subjects at school. This project aims to evaluate how the transfer of knowledge can be enhanced by prompting students to evaluate and reflect on their performance in specific ways. The project will identify how different students respond to self-evaluation and how self-evaluation can most effectively be designed and applied in the classroom. Newly developed self-evaluation prompts will be implemented in a computerised and adaptive way so that self-evaluation is tailored to a particular student. This project should provide a scalable and cost-effective way to help students apply what they learn in a more flexible and efficient way. Read moreRead less
Molecular Mechanisms Of Human Cytochrome P450 CYP3A4 Gene Regulation
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$196,059.00
Summary
Liver cytochrome P450 enzymes are important to medicine in areas as broad as drug breakdown, steroid hormone regulation and the formation or elimination of cancer causing chemicals. These enzymes are present in high concentration in the human liver, but the factors governing how much of these enzymes are produced have been poorly understood. Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) is arguably the single most important factor is how humans handle therapeutic drugs. It has been estimated that over 60% of all ....Liver cytochrome P450 enzymes are important to medicine in areas as broad as drug breakdown, steroid hormone regulation and the formation or elimination of cancer causing chemicals. These enzymes are present in high concentration in the human liver, but the factors governing how much of these enzymes are produced have been poorly understood. Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) is arguably the single most important factor is how humans handle therapeutic drugs. It has been estimated that over 60% of all drugs presently on the market are broken down, either in full or in part, by this enzyme. The amounts of CYP3A4 expressed in the liver differs markedly between individuals, and explains a great deal of the large variation in the way people break down drugs. Also, variations in the levels of CYP3A4 in the liver may be an important factor in both prostate cancer (the most common cancer in men) and the risk of developing leukemia after receiving chemotherapy for other cancers. The present projects builds on discoveries concerning the regulation of cytochrome P450 enzymes made by our group over the last few years, including an in-depth understanding of the way the production of CYP3A4 is increased by some drugs. In this project we seek to understand why individuals differ so much in terms of the amount of CYP3A4 in the liver (up to 10-fold) and why this enzyme is predominantly expressed in the liver and to as lesser extent, the intestine, while not being found at all in many other tissues. An understanding of these issues will allow us to: Y predict how patients will respond to drugs (pharmacogenetic testing). Y determine susceptibility to certain diseases (e.g., prostate cancer). Y develop novel drugs that can influence CYP3A4 production in the liverRead moreRead less
Sex Differences In Long-Term Outcomes Of Young Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$333,900.00
Summary
Young women (?55 years) are more likely to die after having a heart attack and face more difficult recoveries compared to similar aged men. However the cause of this difference is unknown. This project seeks to improve the prevention, care and longer term outcomes for young women following a heart attack. Information obtained from will provide evidence-based and actionable information for physicians to inform and manage their patients so that we may ultimately improve the lives of young women.
Bile Acid Detoxification By Nuclear Receptor-mediated CYP3A Regulation
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$196,527.00
Summary
Liver diseases in which there is obstruction to bile flow (cholestatic liver diseases) can lead to liver failure, liver cirrhosis as well as a diminished quality of life. Patients suffer from severe itching which may prove difficult to control. It is thought that many of these adverse effects of obstructed bile flow are due to the retention of a component of bile, called bile acids, within the body. Bile acids are detergent-like compounds formed from cholesterol. Some bile acids are highly toxic ....Liver diseases in which there is obstruction to bile flow (cholestatic liver diseases) can lead to liver failure, liver cirrhosis as well as a diminished quality of life. Patients suffer from severe itching which may prove difficult to control. It is thought that many of these adverse effects of obstructed bile flow are due to the retention of a component of bile, called bile acids, within the body. Bile acids are detergent-like compounds formed from cholesterol. Some bile acids are highly toxic and cause the death of cells in the liver if their concentration becomes too high. Evidence has emerged that the body has control mechanisms to try and combat rising levels of bile acids in cholestatic liver diseases. One such mechanism, which is the subject of this application, is the metabolism of bile acids to less toxic forms, by a process called hydroxylation. A particular class of liver enzymes, known as cytochromes P450 CYP3As, appear to mediate these hydroxylation reactions. Liver cytochrome P450 enzymes are important to medicine in areas as broad as drug breakdown, steroid hormone regulation and the formation or elimination of cancer causing chemicals. These enzymes are present in high concentration in the human liver, but the factors governing how much of these enzymes are produced have been poorly understood. The present projects builds on discoveries concerning the regulation of cytochrome P450 enzymes made by our group over the last few years, including an in-depth understanding of the way the production of CYP3As are increased by some drugs. We intend to determine the mechanism by which bile acids increase the level of CYP3A enzymes are how effective these enzymes are in hydroxylating bile acids. An understanding of these issues will allow us to better manage patents with cholestatic liver diseases and develop new strategies for treating these diseases, for example, development of novel drugs that increase bile acid hydroxylation in the liver.Read moreRead less
Generating New Evidence To Better Guide Stroke Management
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$568,293.00
Summary
I wish to produce sound knowledge on the management of blood pressure and nursing monitoring for patient affected by stroke. I plan to address gaps in stroke management that exist between men and women around the world in order for there to be equity of care and an ability for every patient to have the best chances of receiving proven therapies to optimise their chances of recovery. Finally, I will use data that considers patients’ own view of wellbeing that can be used to direct stroke care.
Investigating The Synergistic Role Of Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) And Estradiol On Parvalbumin-mediated Cognitive Function: Relevance To Dementia
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$589,644.00
Summary
Estrogen-based therapy may improve cognitive functioning in dementia patients. However, more detailed knowledge is required to ensure safe and effective targeted treatment is provided. I propose to examine, in mouse models, the mechanistic functioning of estrogen signalling in key brain regions involved in cognition. Unravelling the way estrogen impart its beneficial effect can lead to the development of effective treatments for dementia and many other devastating neurological diseases.
Fetal Sex: An Important Determinant Of The Placental Transcriptome
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$553,574.00
Summary
There are fetal sex differences in pregnancy outcomes that place boys at greater risk than girls. These are likely caused by genetic differences in the placenta. We will use 21st century gene sequencing technology to obtain the complete sequence of placental genes in early pregnancy and normal term placenta to determine what the genetic differences are between male and female placentas. This may be important in developing future sex specific therapeutics for babies in the neonatal nursery.
Obesity ensues when calorie intake exceeds energy expended. Hitherto, up-regulating energy expenditure is a relatively unexplored avenue. This project will address 3 facets of energy expenditure (fat, muscle and neural control). Understanding how sex and steroids act in concert to regulate energy expenditure will pave the way towards developing novel anti-obesity agents. This work will delineate mechanisms that underpin gender differences in the regulation of body weight.