Mortality In Young Offenders Who Have Had Custodial Sentences
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$60,448.00
Summary
The proposal seeks funding to investigate the death rate in young people who have received custodial sentences. There is evidence in the literature and anecdotal evidence from workers in the field that young offenders are at particularly high risk of dying from drug overdose, violently or by suicide, yet deaths in this group have not yet been investigated in Australia. As far as we are aware, there are also no reports worldwide of standardised mortality rates for young offenders who have been in ....The proposal seeks funding to investigate the death rate in young people who have received custodial sentences. There is evidence in the literature and anecdotal evidence from workers in the field that young offenders are at particularly high risk of dying from drug overdose, violently or by suicide, yet deaths in this group have not yet been investigated in Australia. As far as we are aware, there are also no reports worldwide of standardised mortality rates for young offenders who have been incarcerated. A group of young people who have received their first custodial sentences between 1988 and 1999 in Victoria will be identified, starting with 10 year olds in 1988. Their details will then be matched with data held by The National Death index, housed at the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, and with the Victorian Coroner's data in order to identify deaths that have occurred, the cause of death and the circumstances of death. This will provide an index of the excess deaths experienced by this group of young offenders compared with Victorian population data for the same age group and gender. Further analysis will elucidate cause specific mortality, will enable the identification of subgroups at particular risk and the examination of trends over time. The study will provide a solid foundation for health priorities, the development of interventions and policy in relation to young offenders. It will provide a resource for Australasia and be of worldwide interest. Juvenile offenders are a well-defined group who has extended contact with support services. There is a unique opportunity for the delivery of interventions aimed at improving the welfare and adult outcomes of this enormously disadvantaged and marginalised section of our community. The Centre for Adolescent Health, as the auspicing body for the Adolescent Forensic Health Service is in an excellent position to respond to this challenge.Read moreRead less
The HITS Study: Modes Of Transmission, Natural History And Determinants Of Outcome From Primary Hepatitis C Infection
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$948,250.00
Summary
Hepatitis C (HCV) affects approximately 200,000 Australians, of whom a significant minority develop long term complications, including cirrhosis, liver failure and liver cancer. The dominant mode of transmission of this virus is via blood-to-blood contact, particularly via injecting drug use. Prisons appear to be a key focus of transmission of hepatitis C in the community as the majority of inmates are incarcerated for drug-related crimes, and injecting drug use remains prevalent whilst in priso ....Hepatitis C (HCV) affects approximately 200,000 Australians, of whom a significant minority develop long term complications, including cirrhosis, liver failure and liver cancer. The dominant mode of transmission of this virus is via blood-to-blood contact, particularly via injecting drug use. Prisons appear to be a key focus of transmission of hepatitis C in the community as the majority of inmates are incarcerated for drug-related crimes, and injecting drug use remains prevalent whilst in prison. In addition, as almost one in two inmates are already infected at the time of incarceration, those who are uninfected appear to be at significant risk of becoming infected through other (non-injecting) routes such as tattooing, fights and other coincidental blood exposures. This application seeks support for the HITS study (Hepatitis C Incidence and Transmission in Prisons study) - a prospective cohort study of inmates of NSW prisons. Following a successful pilot in which the substantial bureaucratic and logistical hurdles were resolved, the main cohort has been enroling since late 2000. The initial data have confirmed a high rate of at risk behaviour amongst inmates and three primary HCV infections acquired in prison have been documented featuring an unusual antibody negative pattern which would typically pass undetected in screening assays for HCV infection. After exposure to HCV and the development of primary infection, approximately one in five individuals successfully resolves the infection and clears the virus, presumably via an efficient immune response or a non-virulent virus, or a combination of these factors. Therefore, in addition to the public health aspects of the HITS study, the research also aims to define the immunological and virological factors which allow clearance of HCV. These studies will provide key information to guide treatment and immunisation strategies against hepatitis C.Read moreRead less
Christina Stead and the socialist heritage. This project explores the complex intersection of political convictions and creativity in the writing of Christina Stead, and gives due prominence to her radical, left-wing engagements, which fell from favour during and after the Cold War. It will produce the first monograph-length study devoted to this crucial aspect of Stead's life and work.
Islam, Europe and modernity: the French Revolution and the Muslim world, 1789-1799. This project challenges ideas about radical differences between Islam and the West by returning to the historical roots of the modern world. It shows that Muslims too had a share in the global experience of the French Revolution, by drawing on new historical evidence from archives in France, Europe and the Arab world.
Shipwrecks of the Roaring Forties: a maritime archaeological reassessment of some of Australia's earliest shipwrecks. This project will evaluate new ways of investigating the history of Europeans in the Indian Ocean by using the latest technology to evaluate seven Western Australian shipwrecks excavated over 40 years ago. The project will work with emerging technologies to study these significant sites and collections.
Spare parts: the cultural history of organ transplantation. Organ transplantation is of considerable contemporary concern to Australians. Despite decades of campaigns seeking organ donors, this country has one of the world's lowest donation rates. This study will explore how this situation arose and offer a new understanding of the factors that impinge upon people's perceptions of transplantation.
Investigating Holocene India - Australia Connections using Ancient Genomics. A number of studies of human migration suggest that after initial colonisation of Australia around 45,000 years ago, these people remained largely isolated until the arrival of Europeans. In contrast recent studies have suggested that a wave of migration from India into Australia occurred approximately 4,230 years ago. However, a major drawback of these recent studies is that sequence data used was from modern indigenou ....Investigating Holocene India - Australia Connections using Ancient Genomics. A number of studies of human migration suggest that after initial colonisation of Australia around 45,000 years ago, these people remained largely isolated until the arrival of Europeans. In contrast recent studies have suggested that a wave of migration from India into Australia occurred approximately 4,230 years ago. However, a major drawback of these recent studies is that sequence data used was from modern indigenous Australians who were potentially admixed with Europeans. To address this issue we will sequence complete genomes from sub-fossil bones of ancient Indian and Indigenous Australian people and directly investigate this possible India-Australia connection.Read moreRead less
Slavery in British Guiana in the Age of Abolition, 1804-1834. British Guiana became the most important slave colony in the British Empire following the abolition of the slave trade. Its history and the experience of the slaves who made up the majority of its population is the focus of this project, designed so that rich archival sources will be used to enable slaves to speak directly about their experience. This project is expected to illuminate the character of slavery and slave resistance in a ....Slavery in British Guiana in the Age of Abolition, 1804-1834. British Guiana became the most important slave colony in the British Empire following the abolition of the slave trade. Its history and the experience of the slaves who made up the majority of its population is the focus of this project, designed so that rich archival sources will be used to enable slaves to speak directly about their experience. This project is expected to illuminate the character of slavery and slave resistance in an especially profitable but harsh slave society in a late period of slavery. It is intended to explore the alternative kinds of colonisation that were possible in the early nineteenth-century British Empire, to deepen our understanding of slave management in plantation societies and to contribute to the historical analysis of race and slavery.Read moreRead less
Discovery Early Career Researcher Award - Grant ID: DE120100593
Funder
Australian Research Council
Funding Amount
$375,000.00
Summary
Protecting the peace: protectors and the legal transformation of the British Empire, 1820-1850. This project will examine the impact of two new imperial offices, the Protector of Slaves and Protector of Aborigines on the legal constitution of the British Empire at a moment of rapid transformation. It will show these offices operated both as new weapons both of legal imperialism and of intimate colonial governance.
Personal liberty, British identity and surveillance in the antipodes, 1780s - 1830s. By studying surveillance in colonial Australia and South Africa, this project will come to a new understanding of what defined British liberty. It will demonstrate that our country's history lies at the centre of one of the most pressing questions of our time-how far do concepts of freedom remain tied to national and cultural particularity?