Cell Surface Lectin Receptors For Attachment And Entry Of Influenza Viruses Into Cells Of The Innate Immune System
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$530,094.00
Summary
Influenza virus is a leading cause of respiratory infection and death worldwide. Infection of humans is initiated when the virus contacts cells lining the respiratory tract. Infection of epithelial cells leads to virus amplification whereas infection of immune cells results in virus destruction. Despite extensive research efforts, it is not clear how the virus infects these cells. This project aims to identify receptors on human cells used by influenza virus to attach to and infect immune cells.
Chikungunya Virus Disease; The Role Of Proteases And Their Receptors
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$682,716.00
Summary
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito borne virus related to the Australian Ross River virus. The arthritic disease caused by these viruses is often poorly managed by current treatments. We have recently identified several proteins call proteases that circulate in the blood of infected people and promote arthritis. If successful the grant will provide new treatment options for these (and perhaps other) diseases using recently developed drugs that inhibit the activity of these proteases.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infect 200 million and 50 million people world-wide, respectively, and there are no preventative vaccines. The work outlined in this fellowship seeks to understand the structure and function of the major surface proteins of these viruses, their ability to be recognised by the immune system and to develop a novel vaccine for the prevention of HCV.
Identification Of Host Factors That Restrict Influenza Virus Replication In Macrophages
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$566,446.00
Summary
Influenza virus infects different cells in the airways, including immune cells (macrophages) and non-immune cells (epithelial cells). Epithelial cell infection results in virus amplification and release whereas macrophage infection leads to virus destruction. This project will identify cellular factors expressed by macrophages that block virus amplification and release. Identification of novel antiviral factors is an important step towards developing strategies to reduce influenza disease.
NEW INSIGHT INTO GLYCAN REQUIREMENTS FOR ROTAVIRUS-CELL ATTACHMENT AND ENTRY
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$1,068,758.00
Summary
Rotavirus causes significant infection and loss of life in children, particularly in underdeveloped countries. This project will investigate the role of carbohydrates as contact points for this deadly virus towards the goal of developing novel vaccines and drug therapies.
The Role Of Dendritic Cells In Sexual Transmission Of HIV And Viral Reservoir Formation
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$654,296.00
Summary
This grant aims to determine the subsets of dendritic cells found in the different tissue of the anogenital tracts and to determine which ones play the key roles in HIV transmission. The relative ability of these cells to transfer the virus to activated T cells leading to productive infection and resting memory T cells leading to latent infection will be investigated. Finally the key receptors which mediate this process will be determined and strategies to block this transfer developed.
Protecting Australia From Future Swine Flu Pandemics-Functional And Structural Studies Of The H1N1 Swine Influenza A Surface Glycoprotein Hemagglutinin
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$401,361.00
Summary
The severity of the present and future pandemic strains of the swine flu will depend on the ability to contain and combat infection via pre-emptive development of appropriate vaccines and drugs. To this end, my study of the surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin, will help predict and prevent future swine influenza pandemics by identifying potentially pandemic strains to be targeted for early vaccine development.
Dengue Virus NS1 Protein As A Mediator Of Pathology
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$621,979.00
Summary
Dengue virus is an increasing problem in the tropical world, with estimated infection of more than 300 million people annually. Severe dengue disease can cause life-threatening bleeding and shock. Our project investigates the basis for the pathology of the disease. We have found that a viral protein termed NS1 binds to a receptor on immune cells and leads to production of inflammatory proteins which can promote vessel leakage. We will investigate drugs blocking this, in a disease model.
Resolving Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Transmission
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$745,213.00
Summary
To increase the breadth of HIV prevention strategies, it is imperative that we biologically understand how HIV enters our bodies. Through two unique clinical cohorts, we will determine why circumcision is protective and how a commonly acquired sexual transmitted infection (human papilloma virus) can increase HIV transmission.