Chronic myeloid leukaemia was almost always fatal before the development of imatinib a decade ago, the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) developed to treat a human cancer. There are now more potent TKIs that are effective in cases of resistance to imatinib. The challenge now is to optimise the achievement of remissions using these drugs and convert CML into a curable condition. This will be the focus of my NHMRC Practitioner Fellowship over the next 5 years.