Document loss in pre-modern Europe. This project aims to map out the social and cultural effects of paper’s introduction to Europe from 1200-1800. After centuries of writing on parchment, Europeans began to use paper in the late Middle Ages. Paper proved both a gift and a curse to Europeans. Important documents could easily be destroyed or lost. This project will investigate loss as a cultural problem in history. It will trace both unintentional losses (fires, rot, vermin) and intentional ones ( ....Document loss in pre-modern Europe. This project aims to map out the social and cultural effects of paper’s introduction to Europe from 1200-1800. After centuries of writing on parchment, Europeans began to use paper in the late Middle Ages. Paper proved both a gift and a curse to Europeans. Important documents could easily be destroyed or lost. This project will investigate loss as a cultural problem in history. It will trace both unintentional losses (fires, rot, vermin) and intentional ones (censorship, document suppression, prohibitions). The project expects to uncover how obliteration led to both opened repression and blank-slate reinvention, a powerful form of cultural creativity.Read moreRead less
Crises of Leadership in the Eastern Roman Empire (250-1000 CE). Armed conflict, the upheaval of social systems, and environmental crises cause citizens to question their leaders during periods of social change. They also increase religious extremism, including speculations about the imminent end of the world. The period 250-1000 CE reveals many examples of how such crises served leaders who knew how to profit from instability to expand their powers, and how they damaged the reputations of those ....Crises of Leadership in the Eastern Roman Empire (250-1000 CE). Armed conflict, the upheaval of social systems, and environmental crises cause citizens to question their leaders during periods of social change. They also increase religious extremism, including speculations about the imminent end of the world. The period 250-1000 CE reveals many examples of how such crises served leaders who knew how to profit from instability to expand their powers, and how they damaged the reputations of those who did not. Understanding how past leaders of the Roman world addressed these crises in practical and rhetorical ways may provide helpful and timely models of what works (and what does not) for contemporary community and political leaders, even in democratic political societies such as Australia.Read moreRead less
City space and urban experience at the end of the Italian Renaissance. This project aims to study how people lived in early-modern cities, using health records. In 1630, health officials ordered a door-to-door survey of every poor household in plague-stricken Florence. The surviving reports of this extraordinary ‘Visitation’ are a time-capsule of urban experience, which seldom leaves any written trace. This project will mine the Visitation to reveal how citizens moved through public streets and ....City space and urban experience at the end of the Italian Renaissance. This project aims to study how people lived in early-modern cities, using health records. In 1630, health officials ordered a door-to-door survey of every poor household in plague-stricken Florence. The surviving reports of this extraordinary ‘Visitation’ are a time-capsule of urban experience, which seldom leaves any written trace. This project will mine the Visitation to reveal how citizens moved through public streets and private spaces; and use their own words to bring back to life their sensory impressions. The resulting study is expected to reveal how contemporary thinking about the city arose from patterns of everyday behaviour.Read moreRead less
Sexual ageing in the history of medicine, 1774-2018. This project aims to provide an account of the different historical periods in changing medical concepts of menopause, andropause and the 'critical age' since the end of the eighteenth century. Understanding how questions of ageing and sexuality have changed across history will help to nuance our current understandings, relevant to an increasing number of people in ageing populations. This project will provide an integrative history of the nex ....Sexual ageing in the history of medicine, 1774-2018. This project aims to provide an account of the different historical periods in changing medical concepts of menopause, andropause and the 'critical age' since the end of the eighteenth century. Understanding how questions of ageing and sexuality have changed across history will help to nuance our current understandings, relevant to an increasing number of people in ageing populations. This project will provide an integrative history of the nexus of modern concepts about sexual aging. It will combine rigorous consultation of overlooked historical sources with consultation of current scientific evidence. Outcomes of the project will be aimed at historical readers, but also at clinicians and the general public.Read moreRead less
Transforming the East: Jesuit Translations of the Confucian Classics. The Jesuit translations of the Confucian canon not only provided the first European window into Chinese philosophy but also changed the intellectual and cultural history of Europe. This project examines the rich history of these translations and their dissemination, and interrogates how Confucian ideas influenced the development of Enlightenment philosophy. It will produce the first comprehensive history of these translations ....Transforming the East: Jesuit Translations of the Confucian Classics. The Jesuit translations of the Confucian canon not only provided the first European window into Chinese philosophy but also changed the intellectual and cultural history of Europe. This project examines the rich history of these translations and their dissemination, and interrogates how Confucian ideas influenced the development of Enlightenment philosophy. It will produce the first comprehensive history of these translations and make available to anglophone scholars primary and secondary sources in various European languages and Chinese. The project will advance our understanding of the personal and textual networks through which the first substantial philosophical exchange was conducted between Europe and China.Read moreRead less
Cultures of risk-taking in Renaissance Italy. This project aims to provide a cultural history of the development and nature of pre-modern capitalism that moves beyond outmoded models of linear, rational progression. The project will look at Renaissance Italy, a node in the development of modern capitalism, and analyse how merchants and gamblers took financial risks. By using risk as a category of analysis to examine the interconnections between rational and irrational decision making in sixteent ....Cultures of risk-taking in Renaissance Italy. This project aims to provide a cultural history of the development and nature of pre-modern capitalism that moves beyond outmoded models of linear, rational progression. The project will look at Renaissance Italy, a node in the development of modern capitalism, and analyse how merchants and gamblers took financial risks. By using risk as a category of analysis to examine the interconnections between rational and irrational decision making in sixteenth-century commerce and gambling, the project aims to understand the development of attitudes and values still prevalent today. The project will write irrationality into the history of modern capitalism.Read moreRead less
The ‘Peace’ of Lausanne (1923): Genesis, Legacies, Paradoxes. This study aims to revisit the foundation of the modern Middle East by investigating the still valid 1923 Peace Treaty of Lausanne. Through a combined analysis of the Treaty's prehistory, protracted negotiations and paradigmatic impact, it will reassess the Conference's and Treaty's role in Modern History. By exploring international diplomacy's endorsement of authoritarian rule, demographic engineering and mass violence, it will probl ....The ‘Peace’ of Lausanne (1923): Genesis, Legacies, Paradoxes. This study aims to revisit the foundation of the modern Middle East by investigating the still valid 1923 Peace Treaty of Lausanne. Through a combined analysis of the Treaty's prehistory, protracted negotiations and paradigmatic impact, it will reassess the Conference's and Treaty's role in Modern History. By exploring international diplomacy's endorsement of authoritarian rule, demographic engineering and mass violence, it will problematise the notion of realpolitik and challenge views that the Treaty of Lausanne led to sustainable peace in Turkey and its neighbourhood. This will prompt a re-evaluation of topical questions like border disputes, the Kurdish conflict, post-Ottoman state-building, the caliphate, and the Armenian genocide.Read moreRead less
Charging transition metals with activating alkanes. The project aims to engineer positively charged metal complexes and use them to explore the chemistry of bound activated alkane ligands. The transformation of cheap, plentiful alkanes into more valuable products is a major quest in chemistry, and complexes of alkanes bound to metals are expected to play a key role in transformations of alkanes. The project intends to use the activated metal bound alkane to transform the normally inert alkane in ....Charging transition metals with activating alkanes. The project aims to engineer positively charged metal complexes and use them to explore the chemistry of bound activated alkane ligands. The transformation of cheap, plentiful alkanes into more valuable products is a major quest in chemistry, and complexes of alkanes bound to metals are expected to play a key role in transformations of alkanes. The project intends to use the activated metal bound alkane to transform the normally inert alkane into compounds with desirable functional groups. This should make the synthesis of alkane complexes stable at room temperature in solution a realistic possibility. These cheap, plentiful alkanes can be turned into more valuable products, bringing benefits to industry.Read moreRead less
Decoding regulatory RNA function in bacteria. All complex biological processes in bacterial cells appear to utilise regulatory small RNAs to control gene expression, but we lack a systems-level understanding of their functions and mechanisms of control. This proposal aims to address this fundamental knowledge gap using machine learning and cutting-edge, systems-level techniques to determine how small RNA sequence and structure determines function. Small RNAs have been found to control a broad ra ....Decoding regulatory RNA function in bacteria. All complex biological processes in bacterial cells appear to utilise regulatory small RNAs to control gene expression, but we lack a systems-level understanding of their functions and mechanisms of control. This proposal aims to address this fundamental knowledge gap using machine learning and cutting-edge, systems-level techniques to determine how small RNA sequence and structure determines function. Small RNAs have been found to control a broad range of traits including metabolism, biofilm formation, antibiotic tolerance, and virulence. The work proposed here will enhance our ability to predict and control bacterial gene expression with potential future impacts on bioproduction, synthetic biology, and veterinary and medical microbiology.Read moreRead less
Investigating the biogenesis and function of circular RNAs in the brain. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are e a novel class of RNA molecules produced in a wide spectrum of eukaryotic organisms, from yeast to humans. Their expression is particularly high in the nervous system in the fruit fly, mouse and humans. What mechanisms are responsible for the tissue-specific enrichment of circular RNA expression? What are the consequences of circular RNA production on gene expression? The overall goal of the pr ....Investigating the biogenesis and function of circular RNAs in the brain. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are e a novel class of RNA molecules produced in a wide spectrum of eukaryotic organisms, from yeast to humans. Their expression is particularly high in the nervous system in the fruit fly, mouse and humans. What mechanisms are responsible for the tissue-specific enrichment of circular RNA expression? What are the consequences of circular RNA production on gene expression? The overall goal of the proposed project is to elucidate these important aspects of circRNA biogenesis. Specifically, the project aims to (a) discover proteins that regulate circRNA expression, (b) elucidate how circRNA expression interacts with alternative splicing, and (c) identify circular RNAs that play regulatory roles in gene expression. Read moreRead less