Obesity is a major global public health concern and there is a desperate need to identify new targets to treat obesity. By targeting the lesser investigated CART pathway and identifying the elusive CART receptor this could make a significant inroad to the understanding of the causes of appetite control and the development of obesity.
The Role Of Dendritic MRNA Decay In Synaptic Plasticity & Cognition
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$417,193.00
Summary
Schizophrenia is characterized by abnormal contacts between brain cells, known as synapses. Maintenance of synapses requires the translation of gene products, termed mRNA, into protein. Schizophrenia has been associated with genes involved in the degradation of mRNA, which buffers translation and thus protein levels. My research therefore seeks to study the role of mRNA decay in synaptic structure, synaptic function and cognition.
Hypothalamic Regulation Of Appetite And Energy Homeostasis In Prader-Willi Syndrome.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$39,987.00
Summary
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disease affecting 1/~15 000 people. It causes insatiable appetite and often morbid obesity, as well as other developmental problems. It is thought that there is a defect in the way that the brain regulates eating behaviour in PWS, but the exact mechanism is still unknown. This study proposes to explore metabolic and genetic factors contributing to the appetite disorder in PWS. It will also explore new ways of treating excessive appetite.
Identification Of Novel Pathways Controlling Food Intake And Energy Balance
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$751,006.00
Summary
Obesity-associated diseases are leading causes of death and are expected to increase as the obesity epidemic worsens. Because of the limited efficacy and/or safety concerns of currently available anti-obesity drugs, it is important to identify new drug targets. Investigating the cause of obesity and excessive food intake in natural occurring models like Prader Willi Syndrome (PWS) has the potential to shed new light on the complex regulation of this process and might open up new treatment option ....Obesity-associated diseases are leading causes of death and are expected to increase as the obesity epidemic worsens. Because of the limited efficacy and/or safety concerns of currently available anti-obesity drugs, it is important to identify new drug targets. Investigating the cause of obesity and excessive food intake in natural occurring models like Prader Willi Syndrome (PWS) has the potential to shed new light on the complex regulation of this process and might open up new treatment option for PWS as well as general obese patients.Read moreRead less
Investigation Of The Role Of The Peripheral Neuropeptide Y System In Energy Homeostasis
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$798,760.00
Summary
Obesity-associated diseases are leading causes of death and are expected to increase as the obesity epidemic worsens. Because of the limited efficacy and/or safety concerns of currently available anti-obesity drugs, it is important to identify new drug targets, preferably outside the brain. The results from this study will help to identify agents for obesity that reduce body weight and fat mass without the safety concerns of agents that act on the central nervous system.
Obesity-associated diseases are a major health problem and treatments are ineffective. My team’s focus is to determine how a brain molecule called neuropeptide Y (NPY) controls appetite and body fat mass and how this is changed in obesity or in the other extreme, anorexia, which is common in late stage cancer. We will use genetically modified mouse models and investigate the role of NPY under different stress conditions and in cancer. This will tell us if targeting this NPY system with drugs may ....Obesity-associated diseases are a major health problem and treatments are ineffective. My team’s focus is to determine how a brain molecule called neuropeptide Y (NPY) controls appetite and body fat mass and how this is changed in obesity or in the other extreme, anorexia, which is common in late stage cancer. We will use genetically modified mouse models and investigate the role of NPY under different stress conditions and in cancer. This will tell us if targeting this NPY system with drugs may provide a treatment for these diseases.Read moreRead less
Distinct Populations Of Arc NPY Neurons Control Different Aspects Of Energy Homeostasis
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$843,340.00
Summary
Obesity is caused by an imbalance of energy intake and energy expenditure both of which are controlled by specific neurons in the brain. While different types of neurons important in these processes have been identified how they are organised and work in fulfilling the different functions is unclear. Here we aim to identify subpopulations of neurons that are responsible for specific tasks that would make them more specific targets for drug intervention with a reduced risk of side effects.
Identifying Brain Pathways Responsible For Stress Induced Obesity
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$895,663.00
Summary
Obesity-associated diseases are leading causes of death and are expected to increase as the obesity epidemic worsens. New evidence also shows that stress, an ever-increasing factor of life, can when combined with high caloric food lead and accelerate the development of obesity. The results from this study will help to identify new agents that may help reduce body weight and fat mass particular under conditions of increased stress.
The Role Of Neuronal Nicotinic Receptor Subunits In The Self-Administration And Relapse To Alcohol Seeking:Treatments For Alcohol Dependence
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$531,787.00
Summary
The World Health Organization reports that alcohol causes almost two million deaths every year and results in physical disability or shortened life span for at least 58 million others. Despite the fact that addiction represents more than 40% of brain-related illnesses, there is a dearth of innovative treatments. The overall goal of my research is to develop more effective medications for the treatment of alcohol use disorder by targeting the neuronal nicotinic receptor subtypes that have been sp ....The World Health Organization reports that alcohol causes almost two million deaths every year and results in physical disability or shortened life span for at least 58 million others. Despite the fact that addiction represents more than 40% of brain-related illnesses, there is a dearth of innovative treatments. The overall goal of my research is to develop more effective medications for the treatment of alcohol use disorder by targeting the neuronal nicotinic receptor subtypes that have been specifically altered by heavy alcohol intake.Read moreRead less
Novel Features And Mechanisms Of Congenital Myopathies
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$464,500.00
Summary
Congenital myopathies are inherited diseases of skeletal muscle that typically present at birth or in early childhood and are characterised by poor muscle tone and muscle weakness. This group of disorders includes nemaline myopathy, central core disease, congenital fiber type disproportion, and myotubular myopathy. All of these disorders are characterised by disorganisation of the sarcomere, the major structure within skeletal muscle cells that is involved in contraction. In addition, the congen ....Congenital myopathies are inherited diseases of skeletal muscle that typically present at birth or in early childhood and are characterised by poor muscle tone and muscle weakness. This group of disorders includes nemaline myopathy, central core disease, congenital fiber type disproportion, and myotubular myopathy. All of these disorders are characterised by disorganisation of the sarcomere, the major structure within skeletal muscle cells that is involved in contraction. In addition, the congenital myopathies have features in common with virtually all muscle diseases such as slow fibre predominance and alterations in contractile force. We are using nemaline myopathy as a representative congenital myopathy to examine features in common amongst the myopathies, characteristic of the congenital myopathies and specific to nemaline myopathy. In nemaline myopathy patients, mutations have been found in five genes that encode proteins of the filamentous systems of the sarcomere. A feature specific to nemaline myopathy is the presence of abnormal structures of the sarcomere called nemaline rods. We have analysed a large number of nemaline myopathy patients that have mutations in the genes that encode the filament proteins alpha-skeletal actin and tropomyosin. In addition, we have generated mouse models for nemaline myopathy and propose to generate an additional one with novel features. Our mouse model has revealed that a feature previously thought exclusive to dystrophies, is also present in nemaline myopathy. The combined analysis of well-characterised patient samples and mouse models will allow us to address longstanding questions about this particular congenital myopathy and myopathies in general. We will determine how rods form and their protein composition. Our mouse models in particular will allow us to address the molecular mechanisms that underpin the increase in slow twitch fibres and the effects that a particular mutation has on muscle function.Read moreRead less