The Role Of Mitochondrial Dysfunction In Metabolic Disease
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$61,383.00
Summary
We have previously found that PTCD1 can regulate mitochondrial gene expression and metabolism in cells (Mercer et al., 2011 and Lopez Sanchez et al., 2011). There is still much to learn about the mitochondria and their DNA. Charactering PTCD1, a protein that has previously seen little research, will enable us to elucidate the role of this protein in mitochondria and energy metabolism in an effort to increase understanding of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Carolyn Sue is a neurologist and scientist investigating the role of disturbed mitochondrial function in human disease. Mitochondria play a key role in maintaining energy levels and the cell’s health. When this function is impaired, cells may degenerate or die, and thus cause human disease. Dr Sue’s research is aimed at seeking improved treatments to treat mitochondrial disease and to further understanding about how brain cells degenerate when the mitochondria fail.
Recognising And Improving Management Outcomes Of Adult Patients With Mitochondrial Diseases
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$87,199.00
Summary
Mitochondrial diseases comprise the most common diagnostic group amongst neuromuscular and neurogenetic diseases, but are not well known in the community, with no established standards of management. The Study aims to devise strategies to deliver better care for patients with mitochondrial diseases, from their screening and diagnosis, continued monitoring and prognostication, to the potential treatment and promotion of a better management paradigm; as well as facilitation of ongoing research int ....Mitochondrial diseases comprise the most common diagnostic group amongst neuromuscular and neurogenetic diseases, but are not well known in the community, with no established standards of management. The Study aims to devise strategies to deliver better care for patients with mitochondrial diseases, from their screening and diagnosis, continued monitoring and prognostication, to the potential treatment and promotion of a better management paradigm; as well as facilitation of ongoing research into the management of patients with these diseases.Read moreRead less
Targeting The Mitochondrial Transcriptome To Treat Mitochondrial Disease
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$456,836.00
Summary
Mitochondrial diseases are a diverse group of progressive and debilitating disorders for which there are no effective treatments. Furthermore it is currently impossible to apply gene therapy or RNA interference approaches to understand how mitochondria function or to treat mitochondrial diseases. We are developing a new technology that makes it possible to rationally manipulate mammalian mitochondrial RNAs for the first time, providing a unique approach for mitochondrial disease therapies.
Mitophagy And Mitochondrial Biogenesis In Mitochondrial Disease
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$307,946.00
Summary
Mutations in mitochondrial DNA and nuclear encoded mitochondrial genes cause mitochondrial disease, with one in every 250 Australians carrying a pathogenic mutation. In this project, we will further define the basic function of mitophagy (process that results in the recycling of defective mitochondria) and mitochondrial biogenesis (production of new mitochondria). Additionally, experimentally induced enhancement of mitophagy or biogenesis will be assessed as a potential therapy for patients with ....Mutations in mitochondrial DNA and nuclear encoded mitochondrial genes cause mitochondrial disease, with one in every 250 Australians carrying a pathogenic mutation. In this project, we will further define the basic function of mitophagy (process that results in the recycling of defective mitochondria) and mitochondrial biogenesis (production of new mitochondria). Additionally, experimentally induced enhancement of mitophagy or biogenesis will be assessed as a potential therapy for patients with mitochondrial disease.Read moreRead less
Improving Diagnosis, Treatment And Prevention Of Mitochondrial Disease
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$487,891.00
Summary
The goal of this work is to use state-of-the-art research methods to improve clinical practice and the health outcomes for patients with mitochondrial disease and other neurological disorders. Professor Sue will undertake an integrated program involving clinical studies, bioinformatics, tissue culture and in vitro cell modelling to discover better ways to treat mitochondrial disease and other neurological diseases due to impaired mitochondrial function.
Neurologic Effects Of Mutational Load In MELAS Syndrome
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$505,786.00
Summary
This project will use a new stem cell model to discover what happens to brain cells in patients with the MELAS 3243A>G mutation, a common genetic mutation found in 1-500 Australians. Brain cells will be grown from our stem cell model and used to find out how this mutation causes problems in the affected brain cells. We will find out what happens to the brain when the amount of mutation is reduced in vitro. By understanding what happens, we will be able to design new treatments for this disord ....This project will use a new stem cell model to discover what happens to brain cells in patients with the MELAS 3243A>G mutation, a common genetic mutation found in 1-500 Australians. Brain cells will be grown from our stem cell model and used to find out how this mutation causes problems in the affected brain cells. We will find out what happens to the brain when the amount of mutation is reduced in vitro. By understanding what happens, we will be able to design new treatments for this disorder.Read moreRead less
Evaluation Of Pathogenic Mechanisms Involved In Nuclear And Mitochondrial DNA-encoded Mitochondrial Disorders
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$196,527.00
Summary
Mitochondria produce energy for the cell. Disorders of mitochondrial function can cause human disease. These diseases are referred to as the mitochondrial disorders. Mitochondrial disorders usually involve multiple tissues, particularly the muscle and brain.These disorders are usually caused by mutations in two different types of DNA; nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. There are many forms of mitochondrial disorders; some affect young children or infants and others cause adult disease. In some cases ....Mitochondria produce energy for the cell. Disorders of mitochondrial function can cause human disease. These diseases are referred to as the mitochondrial disorders. Mitochondrial disorders usually involve multiple tissues, particularly the muscle and brain.These disorders are usually caused by mutations in two different types of DNA; nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. There are many forms of mitochondrial disorders; some affect young children or infants and others cause adult disease. In some cases, genetic defects may cause the same disease and other mutations may cause a wide range of symptoms. The reason why this occurs is unknown. This study investigates several factors that may determine why some mutations lead to a certain disease and why others may cause different diseases. These factors include the variation in energy levels that are produced by the mutant cells, and the different levels of vunerability that mutated cells may have to induced cell death. The goal of this proposal is to identify the factors that lead to mutations causing different clinical symptoms with the overall aim being to design treatment for these chronic diseases.Read moreRead less
Transforming The Diagnosis Of Mitochondrial Disorders Using High-throughput Sequencing, Functional Prediction And Experimental Validation
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$670,794.00
Summary
The human genome project sparked enormous improvements in our ability to sequence DNA. “Next Generation” DNA sequencing can potentially sequence an individual’s entire genome in a week and has the ability to transform the diagnosis of inherited diseases but is as yet unproven in a medical genetics context. We will develop and validate the use of Next Generation sequencing to enable the rapid sequencing of over 1000 genes in which mutations cause inherited metabolic diseases.
Mitochondrial donation in fertilised eggs is a possible therapy for avoiding mitochondrial DNA disease, but there are major safety concerns, such as mutant mitochondrial carryover. To address these concerns, we will develop two new methods to eliminate carryover risk, then translate our findings to human eggs. Also, we will determine if the mitochondrial donation procedure affects offspring health. Our findings will serve as a guide for adopting the technology.