Biomechanics of Needle Insertion. Needle insertion is one of the most common neurosurgical procedures. However, the biomechanics of this process is poorly understood. The unknown factors include brain tissue deformation under load imposed by the needle and needle deflection when penetrating brain tissue. We will develop computational models of needle insertion. They will include non-linear material properties of the brain tissue, large deformations, and needle-tissue contact model including fric ....Biomechanics of Needle Insertion. Needle insertion is one of the most common neurosurgical procedures. However, the biomechanics of this process is poorly understood. The unknown factors include brain tissue deformation under load imposed by the needle and needle deflection when penetrating brain tissue. We will develop computational models of needle insertion. They will include non-linear material properties of the brain tissue, large deformations, and needle-tissue contact model including friction. The Japanese group will develop testing methods to validate mathematical models. Experimental set-up includes bi-axial x-ray to measure deformation within the tissue and needle deflection, and a sensor measuring reaction force on needle tip and friction force on needle sides.Read moreRead less
Computational biomechanics for image-guided neurosurgery. Our results will lead to significant improvements to the efficacy and efficiency of image-guided neurosurgery for brain tumours. Visualisation of the intra-operative configuration of the patient's brain, obtained by sparse intra-operative MRI, merged with high resolution pre-operative imaging data will become possible. In current practice, the neurosurgeon must mentally fuse the information from pre-operative fMRI and DTI by projecting it ....Computational biomechanics for image-guided neurosurgery. Our results will lead to significant improvements to the efficacy and efficiency of image-guided neurosurgery for brain tumours. Visualisation of the intra-operative configuration of the patient's brain, obtained by sparse intra-operative MRI, merged with high resolution pre-operative imaging data will become possible. In current practice, the neurosurgeon must mentally fuse the information from pre-operative fMRI and DTI by projecting it through the 3D spatial and temporal changes the patient's brain has undergone. We propose to replace this mental fusion with computations based on the biomechanical model that will allow visualisation of the transformed pre-operative data matched to the current shape of the patient's brain.Read moreRead less
Investigation of novel sialic acid mimetics to target the spread of cancer. The mortality rates for many cancers afflicting the world's population are extremely high and these rates are consistent with the Australian experience. It is generally accepted that colon cancer, and cancers as a whole, are a significant healthcare issue and have immense socioeconomic impact. Alternative treatments preventing the spread of cancers would be of very significant benefit. This fellowship will provide the ....Investigation of novel sialic acid mimetics to target the spread of cancer. The mortality rates for many cancers afflicting the world's population are extremely high and these rates are consistent with the Australian experience. It is generally accepted that colon cancer, and cancers as a whole, are a significant healthcare issue and have immense socioeconomic impact. Alternative treatments preventing the spread of cancers would be of very significant benefit. This fellowship will provide the opportunity for the discovery and development of such treatments that are based on the processes that utilise carbohydrates to facilitate the spread of tumours.Read moreRead less
Gas phase studies of the interactions of electrons with peptide ions: structure assignment and fundamentals. Electron-induced reactions are fundamental to a wide range of processes that underlie many areas of science and technology, ranging from planetary atmospheres, industrial plasmas to living tissues. Since ionizing radiation is believed to be a major cause of damage to living cells, understanding electron interactions with biological molecules is essential to predict the consequences of ex ....Gas phase studies of the interactions of electrons with peptide ions: structure assignment and fundamentals. Electron-induced reactions are fundamental to a wide range of processes that underlie many areas of science and technology, ranging from planetary atmospheres, industrial plasmas to living tissues. Since ionizing radiation is believed to be a major cause of damage to living cells, understanding electron interactions with biological molecules is essential to predict the consequences of exposure. Structure determination of biomolecules is at the heart of identifying, diagnosing and potentially developing treatments for diseases, and thus another important reason for studying these interactions is the potential to develop new mass spectrometry based analytical methods.Read moreRead less
Development of metal probes for the selective recognition of DNA. Transition metal complexes with large aromatic ligands have recently been shown to bind DNA by intercalation. However, controversy continues over their base sequence and groove selectivity. We will synthesise a range of chiral metal complexes and screen these against combinatorial oligonucleotide libraries to determine their base sequence selectivity. The information obtained will help us design better intercalators that can be us ....Development of metal probes for the selective recognition of DNA. Transition metal complexes with large aromatic ligands have recently been shown to bind DNA by intercalation. However, controversy continues over their base sequence and groove selectivity. We will synthesise a range of chiral metal complexes and screen these against combinatorial oligonucleotide libraries to determine their base sequence selectivity. The information obtained will help us design better intercalators that can be used as sensitive molecular probes and may find application as antitumour drugs. Binding interaction between the complex and DNA will be studied by NMR spectroscopy.Read moreRead less
Biologically active peptides from Australian and Russian Amphibians. Bowie's group has identified many host-defence peptides from Australian anurans, including antimicrobial and anticancer active peptides, and neuropeptides that inhibit the formation of the ubiquitous chemical messenger nitric oxide. Lebedev's group from Moscow have initiated a collaboration with us to investigate active peptides from unstudied Russian frogs and newts. Preliminary investigations show these are very different f ....Biologically active peptides from Australian and Russian Amphibians. Bowie's group has identified many host-defence peptides from Australian anurans, including antimicrobial and anticancer active peptides, and neuropeptides that inhibit the formation of the ubiquitous chemical messenger nitric oxide. Lebedev's group from Moscow have initiated a collaboration with us to investigate active peptides from unstudied Russian frogs and newts. Preliminary investigations show these are very different from those isolated from Australian anurans and some already show potential for development as pharmaceuticals.Read moreRead less
Active polymer surfaces for control of fluid movement. The realisation of a diverse array of remote or portable chemical/biological monitoring systems depends on the development of low power fluid management protocols. The use of appropriate conducting polymer surfaces should enable this to occur. We envisage the integration of these fluid management platforms into portable, remote autonomous monitoring systems for environmental industrial and biomedical applications.
Design and Synthesis of Ionic Liquids for Use in Photoelectrochemical Cells Based on Inherently Conducting Polymers. We propose to evaluate the electrochemistry of photoactive polythiophenes recently synthesised by us in a range of ionic liquids. This knowledge will be used to design and synthesise customised ionic liquids with the properties required to enhance the photoelectrochemical efficiency of devices based on substituted polythiophenes. We expect our findings to lead to the development ....Design and Synthesis of Ionic Liquids for Use in Photoelectrochemical Cells Based on Inherently Conducting Polymers. We propose to evaluate the electrochemistry of photoactive polythiophenes recently synthesised by us in a range of ionic liquids. This knowledge will be used to design and synthesise customised ionic liquids with the properties required to enhance the photoelectrochemical efficiency of devices based on substituted polythiophenes. We expect our findings to lead to the development of low-cost, flexible, organic photoelectrochemical cells.Read moreRead less
Transitions to adulthood among young people in migrant families in Australia and Canada: A comparative study. Canada and Australia have had the world's highest immigration rates in recent decades. Central to the success of an immigration programme is the level of integration on immigrants themselves but, more importantly, their children. Australian research has led the world in this field. However, there is much to be gained for the mutual benefit of both countries through comparative research u ....Transitions to adulthood among young people in migrant families in Australia and Canada: A comparative study. Canada and Australia have had the world's highest immigration rates in recent decades. Central to the success of an immigration programme is the level of integration on immigrants themselves but, more importantly, their children. Australian research has led the world in this field. However, there is much to be gained for the mutual benefit of both countries through comparative research using a common framework. More broadly, as demography takes on much greater significance with population aging, there is much to be gained through international cooperation between ANU Demography and Canada's leading centre for demography, the University of Montreal.Read moreRead less
Inhibitors of enzymes in the lysine biosynthetic pathway. Recent reports of increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics highlight the need for continual development of new antibacterial agents. Inhibitors of the biosynthesis of the amino acid lysine - an essential component of bacterial proteins and cell wall - may provide a novel class of antibiotics. This project describes investigations of the mechanism of the first two enzymes in the lysine biosynthetic pathway and the design and synthesi ....Inhibitors of enzymes in the lysine biosynthetic pathway. Recent reports of increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics highlight the need for continual development of new antibacterial agents. Inhibitors of the biosynthesis of the amino acid lysine - an essential component of bacterial proteins and cell wall - may provide a novel class of antibiotics. This project describes investigations of the mechanism of the first two enzymes in the lysine biosynthetic pathway and the design and synthesis of inhibitors of these enzymes.Read moreRead less