Gene Discovery And Pathobiology In Muscle Diseases
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$425,048.00
Summary
I aim to find the genetic causes of muscle diseases that are lethal or severely debilitating. These diseases result in a significant burden to the affected individuals and their families and also on Australia’s Health care system. A genetic diagnosis provides families with answers, allows family planning, such that couples do not have another affected child, enables appropriate clinical management and gives researchers evidence as to how to develop treatments.
The Effects Of ACTN3 R577X On Muscle Wasting And Repair, And Response To Therapy
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$1,066,054.00
Summary
Complete loss of ACTN3 is normal and occurs in 1 in 5 people world-wide. While it does not cause disease, loss of ACTN3 results in ~10% reduction in muscle mass and strength. This has tremendous impact not only on the success of elite athletes but also the quality of life in people who are already frail. Precisely how ACTN3 affects muscle mass is unclear. Understanding this will help identify the patients who are at greater risk of muscle wasting and also the therapies that will best treat them.
A Zebrafish Model Of Facioscapulohumeral Dystrophy For Therapy Development And Functional Studies
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$390,601.00
Summary
This project seeks to develop a zebrafish model for a genetic muscle-wasting disease called facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD). Our zebrafish model will enable us to better understand the biological mechanisms underlying the disease, as well as provide a platform for therapeutic testing and discovery.
Approaches To Therapy For The Skeletal Muscle Actin Diseases
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$912,078.00
Summary
We have shown that errors in a crucial muscle protein called actin cause muscle diseases that affect newborn children. These diseases are mainly very severe, causing death within the first year of life. Currently there is no cure. This project will investigate possible therapies for these diseases, such as viral delivery of a normal version of actin and finding a drug to overcome the weakness. Successful outcomes will crucially bring treatment closer for the patients.
Disease Gene Discovery And Improved Genetic Diagnosis In Neuromuscular Disorders
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$473,321.00
Summary
Paediatric nerve and muscle disorders result in weakness, chronic disability and often early death. Over half of all affected children do not yet have a genetic diagnosis. This project will use advanced sequencing technology to increase genetic diagnosis rates and identify new disease-causing genes. This will result in improved patient care and a better understanding of the biological pathways altered by these disorders. It will also facilitate the identification of targets for future therapies.
Nigel G Laing, NH&MRC Principal Research Fellowship: Neurogenetics – Gene Discovery, Pathobiology, Novel Therapeutics, Novel Diagnostics And Translation.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$880,454.00
Summary
My Fellowship will expand my work identifying diseases genes for genetic muscle and nerve diseases by using new technologies that allow discovery of human disease genes which could not be found before. In addition, since we now have proof from mouse studies that heart actin is a target for therapy for the group of diseases that we discovered caused by mutations in the muscle actin protein, we shall take further steps towards making this therapy a reality for patients.
Viral Therapy For Skeletal Muscle Alpha-actin Disease And Discovery Of Novel Neuromuscular Disease Genes And Mechanisms
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$324,028.00
Summary
This research project is the next logical step towards treating patients with skeletal muscle actin disease - using viral delivery of normal actin genes in animal models of actin disease. Another arm of this project is to investigate the genetics and mechanisms causing two very different groups of muscle disorders in the Australian population: devastating muscle weakness in the foetal akinesias and enhanced muscle strength and bulk in individuals with strongman syndromes.
Copper Homeostasis And APP-induced Neurodegeneration In Drosophila
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$381,223.00
Summary
Alzheimer s disease, a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder suffered by many of our elderly, is characterised by the presence of abnormal protein accumulations called plaques in the brains of affected patients. Plaques contain amyloid protein and also have high levels of the essential metals copper and zinc. Copper is needed for the formation of these protein aggregations and increases the toxic effects of amyloid, leading to the idea that copper-binding chemicals could be used to treat Alzhe ....Alzheimer s disease, a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder suffered by many of our elderly, is characterised by the presence of abnormal protein accumulations called plaques in the brains of affected patients. Plaques contain amyloid protein and also have high levels of the essential metals copper and zinc. Copper is needed for the formation of these protein aggregations and increases the toxic effects of amyloid, leading to the idea that copper-binding chemicals could be used to treat Alzheimer s disease. However experiments in animal models have produced conflicting results, some suggesting that increased copper levels protect against neuronal damage while others claim the opposite effect. Comparison of these studies is hampered by the different experimental systems used. We will clarify the role of copper in the progression of Alzheimer s disease using a simple insect model, the fly Drosophila melanogaster. Production of amyloid in Drosophila neuronal tissues produces a neurodegenerative effect similar to that seen in human brains, but in a matter of weeks rather than the years required in humans. We will combine production of amyloid with production of copper uptake and export proteins to investigate the effect of changing copper levels. We will also test the effect of increasing copper and other metals in the diet to see whether dietary levels are an important factor in disease progression. Finally, we will use the Drosophila model to test large numbers of metal binding compounds and drugs for ones that slow or halt the neuronal damage caused by amyloid production, identifying potential therapeutics for the treatment of Alzheimer s disease. This work will provide a vital and definitive clarification of the role of copper in the progression of Alzheimer s disease and potentially lead to the development of novel treatments for this disease that is rapidly becoming a major social and economic problem in the developed world.Read moreRead less
PArkin Co-Regulated Gene (PACRG), Parkin And Parkinsonism.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$397,740.00
Summary
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder affecting greater than two percent of individuals over the age of 65. The disease is characterised by tremor, slowness of movement, rigidity and postural instability. Current treatment regimes may provide some measure of symptomatic relief, but currently there is no treatment to halt or slow the progression of this debilitating disease. PD currently affects an estimated 35,000 people in Australia and this figure is predicted to incr ....Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder affecting greater than two percent of individuals over the age of 65. The disease is characterised by tremor, slowness of movement, rigidity and postural instability. Current treatment regimes may provide some measure of symptomatic relief, but currently there is no treatment to halt or slow the progression of this debilitating disease. PD currently affects an estimated 35,000 people in Australia and this figure is predicted to increase significantly as the population ages. PD is a complex disorder, the causes and disease mechanisms are not well understood. However, in the past 10 years several genes have been identified that can cause PD when disrupted. We have identified a new gene that we believe may be involved in PD. The overall aim of this proposal is to characterise this gene and what role it plays in the development of PD. Understanding the expression and function of this gene may significantly advance our understanding of this disorder. Using these results, we aim to model Parkinson's disease in cellular and animal systems; these may provide powerful insight into the molecular pathway(s) perturbed in PD and a means to develop novel therapeutic approaches to alleviate or prevent the disorder.Read moreRead less