Ross River virus - identification of virulence determinants in clinical isolates from across Australia. In Australia, Ross River virus (RRV) is the most common insect borne virus that affects human health. There were more than 60,000 confirmed cases of RRV between 1993 and 2008. While not fatal, the disease is responsible for significant morbidity that has both social and economic costs for the individual, their family and the community. The project has several national benefits. It will elucida ....Ross River virus - identification of virulence determinants in clinical isolates from across Australia. In Australia, Ross River virus (RRV) is the most common insect borne virus that affects human health. There were more than 60,000 confirmed cases of RRV between 1993 and 2008. While not fatal, the disease is responsible for significant morbidity that has both social and economic costs for the individual, their family and the community. The project has several national benefits. It will elucidate whether there is any association between RRV strain and the severity of human disease. It will also identify viral markers that could assist public health officials in determining likely disease outcomes of outbreaks and could provide new avenues for the design of antiviral strategies.Read moreRead less
Mosquito-borne viruses - how they cause disease and novel approaches to prevention. In Australia, Ross River virus (RRV) is the most common insect borne virus that affects human health. There were more than 60,000 confirmed cases of RRV between 1993 and 2008. While not fatal, the disease is responsible for significant morbidity that has both social and economic costs for the individual, their family and the community. This project has several national benefits. It will elucidate whether there is ....Mosquito-borne viruses - how they cause disease and novel approaches to prevention. In Australia, Ross River virus (RRV) is the most common insect borne virus that affects human health. There were more than 60,000 confirmed cases of RRV between 1993 and 2008. While not fatal, the disease is responsible for significant morbidity that has both social and economic costs for the individual, their family and the community. This project has several national benefits. It will elucidate whether there is an association between RRV strain and the severity of disease and if there are human factors that affect the seriousness of symptoms. Knowledge of both of these could provide new avenues for the design of prevention and treatment strategies.Read moreRead less
Bio-engineering Insect-Specific Flaviviruses for control of arboviruses. This project aims to study a family of commensal viruses of mosquitoes called insect-specific flaviviruses that are naturally found in mosquitoes and do not infect or cause disease in vertebrate hosts. Using an innovative approach, this project employs cutting-edge molecular virology approaches to modify these insect-specific flaviviruses to enhance their ability to block the replication of other pathogenic viruses in the m ....Bio-engineering Insect-Specific Flaviviruses for control of arboviruses. This project aims to study a family of commensal viruses of mosquitoes called insect-specific flaviviruses that are naturally found in mosquitoes and do not infect or cause disease in vertebrate hosts. Using an innovative approach, this project employs cutting-edge molecular virology approaches to modify these insect-specific flaviviruses to enhance their ability to block the replication of other pathogenic viruses in the mosquito vector. Expected outcome of this project is a bio-control strategy that is complementary to the Wolbachia approach. The anticipated benefits include the advancement of knowledge of insect-specific flaviviruses, and promotion of interdisciplinary research across the fields of Entomology and Virology.Read moreRead less
Novel Insights Into The Mechanisms Of How Chikungunya Virus Cause Disease In Humans
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$554,808.00
Summary
Many of the most dangerous and easily transmitted infectious agents are viruses. The emergence of chikungunya virus globally and the recognition of this pathogen in the aetiology of chronic diseases show the need for a better understanding of how the virus cause disease. The expected outcomes are a better understanding of human alphaviral diseases, with a view to improving prevention and treatment strategies to reduce the disease burden of CHIKV and related viruses.
Noncoding RNAs of insect-specific flaviviruses: biogenesis and functions. This project aims to investigate noncoding RNAs (sfRNAs) of insect-specific flaviruses (ISFs). These RNAs are produced from viral RNA by host ribonuclease and play important role in pathogenesis and transmission of vertebrate-infecting flaviviruses (VIFs). The team has shown that ISFs also produce sfRNAs although likely employing a different mechanism. The project expects to generate new knowledge on ISF sfRNA biogenesis a ....Noncoding RNAs of insect-specific flaviviruses: biogenesis and functions. This project aims to investigate noncoding RNAs (sfRNAs) of insect-specific flaviruses (ISFs). These RNAs are produced from viral RNA by host ribonuclease and play important role in pathogenesis and transmission of vertebrate-infecting flaviviruses (VIFs). The team has shown that ISFs also produce sfRNAs although likely employing a different mechanism. The project expects to generate new knowledge on ISF sfRNA biogenesis and functions using combination of modern structural, biochemical, and innovative molecular virology methods. The outcome will be a clearer understanding of processes governing flavivirus host restriction and evolution. This will improve understanding of virus-host interactions and train students in cutting edge techniques.Read moreRead less
Of pets, vets and antimicrobials: fluoroquinolone use in dogs and resistance biology. Antimicrobial resistance is a current and growing threat relevant to human health, animal welfare, food production, and environmental preservation. This project will provide new insights into the basic science of antimicrobial resistance, through the generation of accurate data on the role of companion animal use of antibiotics on the development and control of resistance. Ultimate project goals are to produce ....Of pets, vets and antimicrobials: fluoroquinolone use in dogs and resistance biology. Antimicrobial resistance is a current and growing threat relevant to human health, animal welfare, food production, and environmental preservation. This project will provide new insights into the basic science of antimicrobial resistance, through the generation of accurate data on the role of companion animal use of antibiotics on the development and control of resistance. Ultimate project goals are to produce recommendations that limit the generation of further resistance. Project outcomes have demonstrable relevance to human preventative health, which is recognised as a national research priority. The health and welfare of pets will also be improved, which has associated community benefits.Read moreRead less
Detection of imported exotic strains of West Nile virus for national biosecurity surveillance. West Nile virus (WNV) is transmitted by mosquitoes and causes a fatal disease of the brain in animals and humans. WNV is currently exotic to this country, however a closely related, but benign cousin of this virus (Kunjin) can be found in Northern Australia. Currently it is very difficult to differentiate between infections with WNV and Kunjin using standard laboratory tests, therefore it will be diff ....Detection of imported exotic strains of West Nile virus for national biosecurity surveillance. West Nile virus (WNV) is transmitted by mosquitoes and causes a fatal disease of the brain in animals and humans. WNV is currently exotic to this country, however a closely related, but benign cousin of this virus (Kunjin) can be found in Northern Australia. Currently it is very difficult to differentiate between infections with WNV and Kunjin using standard laboratory tests, therefore it will be difficult for public health officials to detect WNV if it is introduced to Australia. In this project we aim to develop more accurate laboratory tests to detect infections with the deadly, exotic WNV using new strategies. Read moreRead less
The first integrated multimodal assay for the ultrasensitive detection of dengue contamination of blood. This project will develop the first screening test to check for dengue contamination of blood donations in Australia. This will help ensure safe, continued supply from blood donors, particularly in Queensland where dengue is on the rise.
Retroviral invasion of the koala genome: prevalence, transmission and role in immunosuppressive disease. Koalas are a national symbol yet many of their populations are in decline as a result of habitat loss and disease. Lymphoid cancers and opportunistic infections are significant diseases in both captive and wild koala populations. We previously demonstrated that the recently identified koala retrovirus is associated with lymphoid cancer in koalas. This project will determine the distribution o ....Retroviral invasion of the koala genome: prevalence, transmission and role in immunosuppressive disease. Koalas are a national symbol yet many of their populations are in decline as a result of habitat loss and disease. Lymphoid cancers and opportunistic infections are significant diseases in both captive and wild koala populations. We previously demonstrated that the recently identified koala retrovirus is associated with lymphoid cancer in koalas. This project will determine the distribution of the virus in Australia, the mechanism of its spread and its effect on the immune function of koalas. This research will provide a foundation for better management of captive koalas and for conservation of wild koalas.Read moreRead less
Mechanisms of virulence of amphibian chytridiomycosis and factors influencing their evolution. Chytridiomycosis is a fatal fungal disease causing amphibian population declines as it spreads globally. By analysing the genes, proteins and metabolites of the fungus, we will determine how infection leads to death. This will enable surveys for virulent fungal strains and potential enhancement of host resistance.