Australian Laureate Fellowships - Grant ID: FL0992270
Funder
Australian Research Council
Funding Amount
$3,080,000.00
Summary
Nutritional Dynamics: from Genes to Individuals to Ecosystems. Understanding how ecosystems function from the perspective of nutritional interactions between individual organisms will contribute to an environmentally sustainable Australia, with particular benefits to rural communities in arid/semi-arid regions. Research on human and animal nutrition, obesity and ageing will provide essential knowledge for promoting and maintaining good health and designing novel treatments for metabolic disorder ....Nutritional Dynamics: from Genes to Individuals to Ecosystems. Understanding how ecosystems function from the perspective of nutritional interactions between individual organisms will contribute to an environmentally sustainable Australia, with particular benefits to rural communities in arid/semi-arid regions. Research on human and animal nutrition, obesity and ageing will provide essential knowledge for promoting and maintaining good health and designing novel treatments for metabolic disorders. New ways of controlling locusts and other pest insects will arise and contribute to safeguarding Australia. New diet optimisation technologies will help transform Australian food production industries. The project will foster creative, innovative science that spans molecular biology to ecosystem dynamics.Read moreRead less
Determinants of metabolic rate in animals. The metabolic rate of an animal represents its fundamental "cost of living" and varies dramatically (>100-fold) between different vertebrate species. We have proposed the "membrane pacemaker theory" to explain this variation and currently this is the only mechanistic explanation of metabolic variation between species. It has received significant international interest. A species metabolic rate and its maximum lifespan are connected but the precise mecha ....Determinants of metabolic rate in animals. The metabolic rate of an animal represents its fundamental "cost of living" and varies dramatically (>100-fold) between different vertebrate species. We have proposed the "membrane pacemaker theory" to explain this variation and currently this is the only mechanistic explanation of metabolic variation between species. It has received significant international interest. A species metabolic rate and its maximum lifespan are connected but the precise mechanistic link between them is unknown. We will investigate the mechanisms underlying the "membrane pacemaker theory" as an explanation of the metabolic rates of vertebrate species and its role in the determination of maximum lifespan.Read moreRead less
Of birds and bees: membrane lipids and the determination of maximum lifespan. The underlying mechanisms that determine why different animals have different maximum lifespans are unknown. Why do queen bees live for years but the genetically-identical workers bees live for only weeks? Similarly, to understand why birds live much longer than similar-sized mammals will give immense insight into the processes that cause ageing. Understanding the aging process in animals will have significant implicat ....Of birds and bees: membrane lipids and the determination of maximum lifespan. The underlying mechanisms that determine why different animals have different maximum lifespans are unknown. Why do queen bees live for years but the genetically-identical workers bees live for only weeks? Similarly, to understand why birds live much longer than similar-sized mammals will give immense insight into the processes that cause ageing. Understanding the aging process in animals will have significant implications for human health as the biggest risk factor for most diseases is age. Such understanding will help to cope with the worldwide problems of an aging population.Read moreRead less
What defines sperm success? The influence of sperm on storage and paternity success in the honeybee Apis mellifera. The honeybee is a species of economic interest and becomes increasingly important for crop pollination, especially in areas where naturally occurring pollinating insects are declining. However, the bee industry struggles to breed sufficient numbers of bees, as climatic changes, parasites and pesticides can kill large numbers of bee hives. Breeding success in honeybees crucially dep ....What defines sperm success? The influence of sperm on storage and paternity success in the honeybee Apis mellifera. The honeybee is a species of economic interest and becomes increasingly important for crop pollination, especially in areas where naturally occurring pollinating insects are declining. However, the bee industry struggles to breed sufficient numbers of bees, as climatic changes, parasites and pesticides can kill large numbers of bee hives. Breeding success in honeybees crucially depends on queens receiving sufficient numbers of viable sperm. The study of honeybee sperm and its possible interactions with the queen can therefore optimize breeding regimes for example by providing ways to estimate male or sperm quality.Read moreRead less
Deconstructing the neural circuits regulating appetite. This project aims to expand our knowledge about the neural circuits that influence a feeding response in the absence of emotional or cognitive obstacles. Feeding behaviour is a fundamental physiological process in all animals. Despite the seemingly simple endpoint, feeding behaviour is affected by numerous factors including stress and motivation that can inhibit feeding behaviour. This knowledge is critical to maximise growth and survival i ....Deconstructing the neural circuits regulating appetite. This project aims to expand our knowledge about the neural circuits that influence a feeding response in the absence of emotional or cognitive obstacles. Feeding behaviour is a fundamental physiological process in all animals. Despite the seemingly simple endpoint, feeding behaviour is affected by numerous factors including stress and motivation that can inhibit feeding behaviour. This knowledge is critical to maximise growth and survival in many Australian sectors including agriculture, conservation and basic science.Read moreRead less
Investigating the "membrane pacemaker" theory of aging. All animals age and die but the basis of the aging process is still not completely understood. Recent Australian research into the basis of the metabolism in different animals has suggested that the fatty acid composition of biological membranes may be the final part of the puzzle. Understanding why different species have such different lifespans will give profound insight into the aging process. Because it is such a fundamental biological ....Investigating the "membrane pacemaker" theory of aging. All animals age and die but the basis of the aging process is still not completely understood. Recent Australian research into the basis of the metabolism in different animals has suggested that the fatty acid composition of biological membranes may be the final part of the puzzle. Understanding why different species have such different lifespans will give profound insight into the aging process. Because it is such a fundamental biological process, understanding how aging occurs and what determines lifespan will have obvious benefits to understanding the basis of many aging-associated diseases. Understanding the role of dietary fats in influencing lifespan will also be of benefit to the community, both national and international. Read moreRead less
Digestive Physiology of Crocodilians: Towards an Improved Diet and Feeding Regime for Use by the Farming Industry. Crocodile farming promotes the sustainable production and consumption of crocodile products without harming natural populations. The industry grosses over $15 million per year in Australia and $200 million worldwide. Costs associated with transporting and storing food are the single largest expense that crocodile farms have. Increases in the efficiency of converting food into growth ....Digestive Physiology of Crocodilians: Towards an Improved Diet and Feeding Regime for Use by the Farming Industry. Crocodile farming promotes the sustainable production and consumption of crocodile products without harming natural populations. The industry grosses over $15 million per year in Australia and $200 million worldwide. Costs associated with transporting and storing food are the single largest expense that crocodile farms have. Increases in the efficiency of converting food into growth will have positive economic benefits to the industry. Efficiencies can be produced by (1) increasing food absorption, (2) decreasing the energetic costs of digestion, and (3) producing a new food that is less expensive to ship and store. This project will directly address the first two of these and will lay the foundation for the development of the third. Read moreRead less
Avoiding Environmental Bankruptcy: the grazing impacts of red kangaroos and sheep. Overgrazing is one of the most serious environmental and economic problems in Australia. By mitigating overgrazing, our project has three major benefits. Firstly, quantification of the foraging requirements for free-ranging sheep and kangaroos will, for the first time, allow us to identify sustainable practices that prevent overgrazing and contribute to significant land recovery. Secondly, a new mechanistic model ....Avoiding Environmental Bankruptcy: the grazing impacts of red kangaroos and sheep. Overgrazing is one of the most serious environmental and economic problems in Australia. By mitigating overgrazing, our project has three major benefits. Firstly, quantification of the foraging requirements for free-ranging sheep and kangaroos will, for the first time, allow us to identify sustainable practices that prevent overgrazing and contribute to significant land recovery. Secondly, a new mechanistic model for predicting herbivore dynamics will allow us to evaluate potential impacts of climate change on future grazing pressures. Thirdly, our results will inform management plans to sustain Australia's arid rangelands as productive, bio-diverse environments, which currently provide economic returns in excess of $20 billion p.a.Read moreRead less