Vitamin D Synthesis Within Osteoblasts Increases Bone Mineral By Regulating Remodelling: Is This The Link Between Vitamin D Status And Fractures?
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$627,082.00
Summary
This project will contribute to understanding mechanism of vitamin D action within bone to modulate bone resorption and offers the exciting prospect of identifying the mechanism by which an adequate vitamin D status can reduce the risk of osteoporotic hip fractures. Thus, this project has great potential to improve community health by being able to recommend vitamin D supplementation made on the basis of maintaining normal bone cell function with psarticular reference to modulating bone resorpti ....This project will contribute to understanding mechanism of vitamin D action within bone to modulate bone resorption and offers the exciting prospect of identifying the mechanism by which an adequate vitamin D status can reduce the risk of osteoporotic hip fractures. Thus, this project has great potential to improve community health by being able to recommend vitamin D supplementation made on the basis of maintaining normal bone cell function with psarticular reference to modulating bone resorption.Read moreRead less
The majority of stroke results from focal brain infarction, followed by substantial secondary excitotoxic damage in the surrounding areas. Tau has been shown to contribute to excitotoxicity and neurodegeneration in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Preliminary data show that tau reduction also protects against excitotoxic damage after experimental stroke. We aim to dissect the molecular mechanisms of stroke using a tau-deficient mouse model.
Problems in learning, memory and other complex mental processes are common to many brain disorders. This project will study the impact of mutations on a family of genes reported in autism and schizophrenia, on complex cognitive behaviours using novel behavioural technologies. This will not only shed fundamental insights into the specific mental processes regulated by these genes and their role in disease, but importantly provide novel targets for the development of therapies.
Identification Of Genes Causing Medulloblastoma By Transposon Mutagenesis.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$621,997.00
Summary
Brain tumours are the most common cause of cancer-related death in children and the tumour medulloblastoma is the most frequent. There is a need to develop new therapeutic approaches to treating medulloblastoma through the development of new drugs to directly target the tumour. This research has identified new genes that are good candidates as drug targets for treating medulloblastoma.
Vitamin D Activity To Regulate Bone Remodelling And Promote Bone Strength
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$497,001.00
Summary
While vitamin D and calcium supplementation is well known to protect against osteoporosis and hip fracture, the mechanisms by which this occur are not fully understood. Thus, this project aims to establish the cellular basis for the importance of direct action of vitamin D and calcium within the bone. This information is necessary to develop public health nutritional recommendations for improving skeletal health and reducing the incidence of hip factures in the elderly.
In Vivo Role Of LMO4 And Isolation Of An LMO4-containing Proteosome In Breast Cancer
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$455,250.00
Summary
Breast cancer is the most common cancer to affect women, with one in 10 developing the disease. Although treatment of breast cancer has substantially improved over the last few years, 25% of women diagnosed with this cancer will die from the disease. A major objective of cancer research is the identification of genes involved in tumour development and definition of their precise role in both normal and cancer cells. The design of effective therapeutic inhibitors of cancer requires an understandi ....Breast cancer is the most common cancer to affect women, with one in 10 developing the disease. Although treatment of breast cancer has substantially improved over the last few years, 25% of women diagnosed with this cancer will die from the disease. A major objective of cancer research is the identification of genes involved in tumour development and definition of their precise role in both normal and cancer cells. The design of effective therapeutic inhibitors of cancer requires an understanding of the basic molecular and cellular biology behind the genetic changes thought to contribute to cancer. The focus of our research is to understand normal cellular mechanisms that drive growth and differentiation of breast tissue, and those changes that lead to breast cancer. Nuclear regulatory proteins have been implicated in many different types of cancers and leukaemias. We aim to identify the key regulators in breast tissue, characterising both their structural properties and biological roles, with the ultimate view of understanding how they divert a normal cell to a cancerous cell. This proposal centres on the characterisation of a specific regulatory molecule which we recently demonstrated to be overexpressed in 56% of human primary breast cancers and in 38% of pre-invasive ductal carcinoma in situ. These studies will include defining its normal biologic function and identification of the proteins that this regulator associates with in breast cancer cells.Read moreRead less
Transcriptional Targets Of The MEN1 Tumour Suppressor In Endocrine Cancer
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$454,500.00
Summary
We have developed mouse models of a human cancer syndrome called multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) by inactivating the tumour suppressor gene responsible. These mice devlop tumours of a wide variety of different tissues, including the pancreas, pituitary, parathyroids and gonads. The data obtained from this project will be the first major step towards determining the mechanism by which the Men1 gene functions as a tumour suppressor and should shed light on its role in normal cell cycle ....We have developed mouse models of a human cancer syndrome called multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) by inactivating the tumour suppressor gene responsible. These mice devlop tumours of a wide variety of different tissues, including the pancreas, pituitary, parathyroids and gonads. The data obtained from this project will be the first major step towards determining the mechanism by which the Men1 gene functions as a tumour suppressor and should shed light on its role in normal cell cycle regulation. Findings from murine models of endocrine cancer will lead to a better understanding of MEN 1 in particular, and also of carcinogenesis in general. Defining the cellular pathways normally disrupted by loss of the MEN 1 gene will be useful in designing therapeutic approaches to control endocrine tumours and some other types of cancer.Read moreRead less
Distinct Populations Of Arc NPY Neurons Control Different Aspects Of Energy Homeostasis
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$843,340.00
Summary
Obesity is caused by an imbalance of energy intake and energy expenditure both of which are controlled by specific neurons in the brain. While different types of neurons important in these processes have been identified how they are organised and work in fulfilling the different functions is unclear. Here we aim to identify subpopulations of neurons that are responsible for specific tasks that would make them more specific targets for drug intervention with a reduced risk of side effects.
Too little or too much of the essential element iron is the cause of some of the most common disorders affecting humans. These include iron overload, anaemia, and anaemia of chronic disease. This project examines the genes and the roles they play in regulating iron levels in the body, and the consequences to the individuals when they are mutated. Ultimately I intend to develop therapeutics and diagnostics which will help early diagnosis and effective treatment of these disorders.