Neourobiology Of Human Epilepsy: Genes, Cellular Mechanisms,network And Whole Brain
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$17,652,824.00
Summary
The team is comprised of neurologists, molecular geneticists, physiologists and brain imaging specialists and leads the world in the discovery of the genetic causes of epilepsy. They will continue to identify genes underlying epilepsy and study how genetic variations result in development of seizures. Advanced brain imaging will be used to understand the effects of genetic variation on brain structure and function. This study may lead to new diagnostic methods and treatments for epilepsy.
Normal And Abnormal Development Of Brain Wiring And Its Impact On Brain Function
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$763,845.00
Summary
My laboratory is striving to understand how the patterns of neuronal connections form in the developing brain and how these underpin the functions of the brain throughout life. We use high-field magnetic resonance imaging to measure brain wiring and we investigate the genetic and environmental mechanisms causing developmental brain disorders that result in intellectual disability, autism, epilepsy and some mental illnesses.
Professor Scheffer and her collaborators lead the world in the discovery of the genetic causes of epilepsy. She will continue to identify new and refine known epilepsy syndromes and develop the classification of the epilepsies. Together with molecular colleagues, she will continue to discover the underlying genes causing this debilitating disorder leading to novel insights into the neurobiology. Her work may lead to new treatments and improve outcomes for people for epilepsy.
An Australasian, Multi-centre, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial Of The Efficacy Of Fluoxetine In Improving Functional Recovery After Acute Stroke
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$2,306,367.00
Summary
Stroke is one of the top three causes of disability. Treatments that improve recovery after stroke are lacking. We reviewed the world literature and found a number of very small studies which, together, suggest that the antidepressant drug, fluoxetine, may improve the recovery in stroke patients. AFFINITY is a large trial in 1600 Australians and New Zealanders with stroke which aims to find out whether taking fluoxetine for 6 months after a stroke improves recovery compared to a placebo.
What Predicts The Progressive Phase Of Multiple Sclerosis
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$1,791,343.00
Summary
We have made major gains in our understanding of what causes MS. What has proven to be far more difficult is understanding the drivers of disability progression and conversion to progressive MS. The onset of progression heralds the accumulation of irreversible disability and is a critical time point to a person with MS. This grant aims to determine the lifestyle, environmental, genetic and epigenetic drivers of MS progression, using an internationally unique Australian MS longitudinal cohort.
Glial Reactivity During The Post-acute Phase Of Stroke: A Target For Promoting Functional Recovery
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$547,307.00
Summary
Recent studies suggest that the development of a type of scar around damaged tissue in the brain following a stroke can limit recovery. Our studies will improve understanding of events leading to scar formation and will test whether modifying these events can improve functional recovery in experimental stroke. The studies have excellent potential to identify targets for treatments that will reduce the long-term debilitating effects of stroke even when administered well after its onset.
Supraspinal Neural Adaptations In The Transition From Acute Injury To Chronic Pain And Disability
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$429,360.00
Summary
Although there have been significant clinical advances in the management of injury and the control of acute pain following tauma, many people still develop disabling conditions of chronic pain. Chronic pain and disability occurs even though the acute signs of trauma have subsided and injuries have healed. People with chronic pain conditions not only experience ongoing changes in sensation (ie., most commonly lowered thresholds for pain, touch evoked pain and spontaneous pain), they also endure a ....Although there have been significant clinical advances in the management of injury and the control of acute pain following tauma, many people still develop disabling conditions of chronic pain. Chronic pain and disability occurs even though the acute signs of trauma have subsided and injuries have healed. People with chronic pain conditions not only experience ongoing changes in sensation (ie., most commonly lowered thresholds for pain, touch evoked pain and spontaneous pain), they also endure a number of disabilities for example disrupted family and social relations, disturbed sleep, loss of appetite, weight changes, loss of sex drive, changes in menstrual cycle, the inability to cope with stressors, and often moderate to severe anxiety and depression. The proposed research aims to (i) identify changes in brain circuits which are responsible for producing these patterns of pain and disability following injury and (ii) attempts to selectively reverse some of these disabilities by reversing the brain changes. The results of this study will offer for the first time a rational basis for improving the outcomes of injury and pain management in the acute phase of trauma, by identifying and reversing the critical changes which predict the advent of the state state of chronic pain and disability.Read moreRead less
Patterns Of Care And Outcomes For Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: A Data Linkage Study
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$125,625.00
Summary
As many as 30% of people with subarachnoid haemorrahge (SAH) die within 90 days. Survivors are often left disabled. Death rates appear to be decreasing. Identifying health service variables that impact positively on survival has the potential to inform health policy and practice. We will describe variations in mortality, hospital re-admission and patterns of care. The study will observe the uptake of new SAH management including new neurosurgical techniques.
This Australian-led, investigator initiated and conducted study, is the first and only large scale clinical trial designed to assess the balance of potential benefits and risks of early rapid blood pressure lowering in intracerebral haemorrhage stroke, a disease in which there is still no convincing evidence of benefit from any medical treatment, where the role of surgery remains controversial, and from which the chances of surviving has failed to improve in recent decades.
The Combined Use Of Transplantation And Gene Therapy Techniques To Promote Regeneration After Neurotrauma
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$521,026.00
Summary
Trauma in the adult mammalian central nervous system causes long-lasting functional deficits. The resulting physical and financial burdens to the individual, to his or her family, and to the community at large, are immense. When fibre tracts are damaged there is disruption of circuits and there may be death of associated nerve cells. Interventions are therefore necessary to promote repair and to try to restore function. Highly modified, non-harmful viruses can be used as vectors to introduce gen ....Trauma in the adult mammalian central nervous system causes long-lasting functional deficits. The resulting physical and financial burdens to the individual, to his or her family, and to the community at large, are immense. When fibre tracts are damaged there is disruption of circuits and there may be death of associated nerve cells. Interventions are therefore necessary to promote repair and to try to restore function. Highly modified, non-harmful viruses can be used as vectors to introduce genes into cells, a method that allows targeted supply of molecules to the injured brain. Gene and cell therapy may eventually be of clinical benefit to injured patients. In a range of different experiments we will combine two different gene therapy approaches, various pharmacological agents and novel transplantation strategies in attempts to enhance the survival of affected nerve cells and promote the regrowth of damaged nerve fibres across injury sites in the injured adult rat visual system. Long-term vector-mediated expression of growth factors in neurons and in grafts may 'trap' regenerating axons, potentially reducing their outgrowth into distal, denervated target areas. It is therefore important to determine if temporal regulation of growth-promoting genes has additional beneficial effects on the ability of regenerating neurons to recognise and selectively regrow axons into appropriate CNS targets. An additional series of studies will thus be undertaken. We will test a new generation of regulatory vectors in which it is possible to switch the virally encoded genes on or off and thus control the level and timing of gene expression over a therapeutic range. We will then determine if the use of these regulatory viral vectors results in more consistent and robust growth of nerve fibres with better reconnections, in the longer term leading to better recovery of function.Read moreRead less