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Squamous Cell Carcinomas Of The Head And Neck: Exploring The Role Of Human Papillomavirus Infection
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$217,213.00
Summary
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the major cause of cervical cancer and the cause of 5% of all human cancers. HPV has recently also been associated with oral cancer, especially in patients younger than 50 years of age. In this project we will investigate how common HPV infection is in oral cancers in Australia. In these patients we will also investigate mutations in genes that have been found to play a critical role to clear persistent HPV infections and how cells respond to HPV infection.
Transport Of Amino Acids And Polyamines In The Malaria Parasite
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$415,631.00
Summary
Malaria is one of the major infectious diseases challenging the world today. There is no effective vaccine, and the malaria parasite has developed resistance to most of the antimalarial drugs that we presently have available. This work focuses on the molecular mechanisms by which the malaria parasite takes up particular classes of nutrients from the surrounding environment. It paves the way for the exploitation of these mechanisms as new and much-needed antimalarial drug targets.
Vancomycin Derivatives Active Against Resistant Bacterial Nosocomial Infections
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$760,763.00
Summary
Bacterial infection is a leading cause of death worldwide and the emergence of superbugs that are resistant to multiple treatments is becoming a major global concern. Vancomycin is the drug of last resort for the treatment of hospital-acquired Gram -positive bacterial infections. We will synthetically modify vancomycin by incorporating naturally occurring membrane-associative peptides to produce novel antibiotics with multiple modes of action to avoid existing bacterial resistance mechanisms.
Development Of Novel Hybrid Antibiotics For The Treatment Of Hospital And Community Acquired Drug Resistant Gram-Negative And Gram-Postitive Bacterial Infections
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$715,076.00
Summary
Drug resistant bacteria now pose a serious and growing threat to human health. Many bacteria have developed new resistance mechanisms such that most common antibiotics no longer can protect patients from serious, life-threatening infection. We will modify two existing antibiotics, colistin and carbapenem (a penicillin), to convert it into a more powerful antibiotic that targets resistant bacteria.
The diversity of HIV quasispecies within a single AIDS patient is far greater than the global diversity of influeneza annually, highlighting the enormous burden HIV imposes on the immune network. The capacity of HIV-1 to evolve quickly has significantly impaired our effort to produce effective vaccine and long lasting treatment strategy. This project utilizes multidisciplinary approaches to delineate determinants that drives the diversification of HIV-1.
Molecular Mechanisms Of Persistence Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$398,142.00
Summary
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB. It infects about third of all people in the world and kills several million people each year. People with active TB spread the mycobacteria in aerosols from their breath. When another person inhales an infected aerosol the mycobacteria enter their lungs and establish a new infection. During the course of infection M. tuberculosis is exposed to a variety of harsh environments inside the lungs which normally kill other bacte ....Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB. It infects about third of all people in the world and kills several million people each year. People with active TB spread the mycobacteria in aerosols from their breath. When another person inhales an infected aerosol the mycobacteria enter their lungs and establish a new infection. During the course of infection M. tuberculosis is exposed to a variety of harsh environments inside the lungs which normally kill other bacteria. M. tuberculosis is able to survive and adapt to those harsh environments. M. tuberculosis has an especially thick and tough cell wall which protects it. M. tuberculosis can adapt to the environments it encounters in a patient by changing their cell walls. The wall also protects mycobacteria from chemicals so it is resistant to many common antibiotics. There are some drugs to treat TB however M. tuberculosis is building up resistance to those drugs so we need to find new ones We will determine how mycobacteria synthesize their special cell wall and how they adapt during an infection. If we know how the details of how M. tuberculosis protects itself then we can find potential weakness which could be targets for the development of new drugs to treat TB.Read moreRead less
Retroviral Recombination, RNA Dimers & Multiple Drug Resistant HIV-1
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$405,017.00
Summary
The emergence of multiple drug resistant strains of HIV-1 has threatened the continue success of current clinical treatment to suppress virus propagation. Retroviruses, such as HIV-1, can reshuffle its two copies of genetic materials during the viral replication process, which leads to the production of offspring viruses that contain a mixture of the parental genetic materials. This process of genetic information reshuffling is believed to be important for the generation of multiple drug resista ....The emergence of multiple drug resistant strains of HIV-1 has threatened the continue success of current clinical treatment to suppress virus propagation. Retroviruses, such as HIV-1, can reshuffle its two copies of genetic materials during the viral replication process, which leads to the production of offspring viruses that contain a mixture of the parental genetic materials. This process of genetic information reshuffling is believed to be important for the generation of multiple drug resistant strains of HIV-1. The objective of this proposal is to define the parameters that regulate the reshuffling of HIV-1 genetic materials and to design novel tools to inhibit the production of multiple drug resistant HIV-1.Read moreRead less
Biochemical And Structural Analysis Of Virus-host Interactions During HIV-1 Assembly
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$337,171.00
Summary
HIV Gag is the most important protein to direct the formation of infectious HIV. Researchers everywhere have had significant difficulty to generate full length HIV Gag for biochemical and structural analysis. We have since developed a novel way to prepare large amount of HIV Gag, and this project will take advantage of our discovery to determine the biochemical and the structural features of HIV Gag, ultimately, for the development of novel therapeutics through rational drug design.
Viral Factors Contributing To Flavivirus-induced Cell Death And Pathogenicity
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$612,885.00
Summary
West Nile virus is a mosquito-transmitted pathogen that causes severe and fatal neurological disease in humans. There are currently no effective treatments or vaccines for this disease. In this project, we will investigate how West Nile virus and other viruses of the same group use a novel translational regulatory mechanism to modulate the host antiviral response and facilitate viral pathogenicity. This will provide valuable information for the development of effective treatments against this me ....West Nile virus is a mosquito-transmitted pathogen that causes severe and fatal neurological disease in humans. There are currently no effective treatments or vaccines for this disease. In this project, we will investigate how West Nile virus and other viruses of the same group use a novel translational regulatory mechanism to modulate the host antiviral response and facilitate viral pathogenicity. This will provide valuable information for the development of effective treatments against this medically important group of viral pathogens.Read moreRead less