The Receptor-associated Protein (RAP) As A Molecular Chaperone For The Amyloid Protein (Abeta) Of Alzheimers Disease
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$402,403.00
Summary
Our research will examine the role of a protein known as the receptor-associated protein (RAP) in Alzheimer's disease. We will determine whether the protein contributes to the progression of Alzheimer's disease and we will examine the possiblity that that RAP may be used as a drug to treat the disease. The project could potentially have direct benefit for patients by leading to an effective treatment for dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease.
Alcohol Control, Consumption And Consequences: Time Series Analyses Of The Australian Experience
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$308,631.00
Summary
The study will be the first in Australia to systematically examine the relationships between population level alcohol consumption and mortality from specific causes such as liver disease, injuries and heart disease, with significant implications for epidemiology and health policy. The study will also undertake rigorous evaluations of the impact of historic changes to alcohol policies, which will provide evidence which can be used to guide future alcohol policy.
Buckle Up Safely: Pre-school Based Interventions For Appropriate Use Of Child Restraints.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$731,552.00
Summary
Despite overwhelming evidence that child restraints dramatically reduce the risk of death and injury there are currently a large number of children globally who either do not use appropriate child restraints, or misuse them, contributing to the overwhelming burden of road traffic injury in children. This project, using rigorous methodology, will assess the efficacy of feasible, evidence based interventions aimed at increased use of appropriate restraints, and decreasing misuse.
Economic Evaluation Of PRISM: A Community Based Intervention Trial
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$512,845.00
Summary
This project evaluates the costs and outcomes of PRISM (Program of Resources, Information and Support to Mothers). PRISM is a community based intervention designed to promote the physical and mental health of mothers. This research project seeks to evaluate the costs and outcomes of the PRISM intervention in order to help inform judgements about its value. PRISM is being introduced in 8 local communities in Victoria with a further 8 communities acting as comparators. The full costs of the interv ....This project evaluates the costs and outcomes of PRISM (Program of Resources, Information and Support to Mothers). PRISM is a community based intervention designed to promote the physical and mental health of mothers. This research project seeks to evaluate the costs and outcomes of the PRISM intervention in order to help inform judgements about its value. PRISM is being introduced in 8 local communities in Victoria with a further 8 communities acting as comparators. The full costs of the intervention will be measured as will the impact the intervention has on the physical and mental health of mothers. Estimates of the intervention's economic benefits, that is the value that community members attach to the intervention's main outcomes will also be ascertained. In this way it is possible to judge whether or not the benefits of PRISM are worth its costs. Advanced statistical techniques will be used to ascertain the extent to which improved health outcomes in mothers are determined by individual, organisational or community-level factors.Read moreRead less
After Hours Medical Care And Personal Safety Needs Of Urban General Practitioners
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$73,250.00
Summary
Experiences of violence and aggression are widespread within the health care field. Episodes of violence and aggression against general practitioners (GPs) in their working environment are not uncommon. These incidents frequently go unreported and the toll they take on GPs, on a personal as well as a professional level, is unknown. The frequency and severity of violence experienced by some health professionals is extreme. Such experiences may undermine the confidence and commitment of GPs and ma ....Experiences of violence and aggression are widespread within the health care field. Episodes of violence and aggression against general practitioners (GPs) in their working environment are not uncommon. These incidents frequently go unreported and the toll they take on GPs, on a personal as well as a professional level, is unknown. The frequency and severity of violence experienced by some health professionals is extreme. Such experiences may undermine the confidence and commitment of GPs and may inevitably have detrimental effects on health care services. Studies in the UK indicate that violence against general practitioners is increasing, violence against GPs in rural areas of Australia is also increasing but there have been no comparable studies carried out in our major cities. This research aims to ask general practitioners working in a range of different urban areas around NSW to describe their experiences of dealing with violent and aggressive patients. The study will be the first of its kind in Australia to provide an important insight into the level of violent and aggressive behaviour GPs are subjected to in city areas. One of the key areas of concern that has been reported in medical journals and the general press has been an increase in attacks on GPs making house-calls, this project will therefore be particularly focussed on GPs who provide after hours care. This study is important so in order to find out exactly what the incidence of violence against our urban general practitioners is, what type of violence is actually occurring, where it is occurring, who the perpetrators are, and also what the longer term psychological effects of abuse against general practitioners may be. The findings from this study will be used by the Commonwealth Government and Health Departments to plan better ways of providing after hours medical care. The findings may also be used to educate GPs and medical students about safety in the workplace.Read moreRead less
Regional Immunosuppression For Corneal Transplantation
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$268,264.00
Summary
Blindness exerts major physical, emotional and economic constraints and hardship upon the sufferer. Corneal transplantation is a well-accepted surgical treatment for visual impairment caused by opacification of the cornea, the transparent window at the front of the eye. Corneas for transplantation are retrieved from people who have recently died, after permission has been sought from the donor's family. Unfortunately, a significant proportion of corneal transplants fail because they are recogniz ....Blindness exerts major physical, emotional and economic constraints and hardship upon the sufferer. Corneal transplantation is a well-accepted surgical treatment for visual impairment caused by opacification of the cornea, the transparent window at the front of the eye. Corneas for transplantation are retrieved from people who have recently died, after permission has been sought from the donor's family. Unfortunately, a significant proportion of corneal transplants fail because they are recognized as foreign, and undergo rejection by the recipient. Once a corneal graft has failed, it is no longer transparent to light. A number of novel interventions are being developed to reduce the incidence of corneal graft rejection, but at present it is uncertain exactly how these should be delivered to the patient. The research described in this application is designed to discover how therapeutic agents and interventions can best be targeted, to prevent corneal graft rejection. Overcoming an unwanted immune response would improve the outcome of corneal transplantation by as much as thirty percent.Read moreRead less
Design And Analysis Of Interrupted Time Series Studies In Health Care Research: Resolution Of Methodological Issues
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$307,125.00
Summary
An interrupted time series (ITS) study involves a population observed on multiple occasions before and after the implementation of an intervention program. However, methods for statistical analysis and designing such studies have not been well developed and many statistical analyses of such studies are flawed. This proposal will investigate appropriate methods for design and analysis, and develop guidelines and software for its implementation by health researchers.
Improved Hygiene Measures For Australian Child Care Centres: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$440,573.00
Summary
Roughly fifty percent of young Australian children receive care outside their home. As greater numbers of women choose to continue working after childbirth, the proportion of children exposed to group care in the first few years of life will continue to increase. In developed countries child care attendance has been shown to be the most important modifiable risk factor for respiratory tract infections and otitis media. A previous study in nine Darwin child care centres demonstrated high rates of ....Roughly fifty percent of young Australian children receive care outside their home. As greater numbers of women choose to continue working after childbirth, the proportion of children exposed to group care in the first few years of life will continue to increase. In developed countries child care attendance has been shown to be the most important modifiable risk factor for respiratory tract infections and otitis media. A previous study in nine Darwin child care centres demonstrated high rates of respiratory tract infections, otitis media, antibiotic use and colonisation with both penicillin-sensitive and penicillin-resistant pneumococci. This study will assess the impact of simple hygiene measures on rates of pneumococcal colonisation, respiratory infection, otitis media, and pneumococcal antibiotic resistance. Twenty child care centres will be randomised to receive additional training and education in the prevention of spread of respiratory infection or routine care. Outcomes measures will include the number of new infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, reported illnesses, and rates of otitis media and nasal discharge documented by fortnightly examination with video recording and tympanometry. Efficacy of the intervention will be estimated at the end of the school year (9 months after the intervention) to avoid bias associated with changes in the child care environment that occur over the school holidays. The centres randomised to routine care will receive the full intervention at the completion of the study and all centres will be re-assessed 6 months .Read moreRead less
PREVENTION OF HOSPITAL ACQUIRED PRESSURE ULCERS: A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$195,652.00
Summary
Pressure ulcers are frequently encountered in hospitalised patients. Several factors such as immobility, poor circulation, malnutrition and aging skin and tissue, along with pressure, moisture and friction (shear) from hospital bedding, contribute to their development. Pressure ulcers usually occur over bony prominences. Here, internal tissue pressures are most intense where the skin contacts the supporting surface. The principles for efficient prevention of pressure ulcers are to reduce pressur ....Pressure ulcers are frequently encountered in hospitalised patients. Several factors such as immobility, poor circulation, malnutrition and aging skin and tissue, along with pressure, moisture and friction (shear) from hospital bedding, contribute to their development. Pressure ulcers usually occur over bony prominences. Here, internal tissue pressures are most intense where the skin contacts the supporting surface. The principles for efficient prevention of pressure ulcers are to reduce pressure on the classic ulcer sites, interrupt the pressure frequently, keep the stressed area dry, and provide a low friction cushioning interface between the patient and bed. Sheepskins have been claimed to be of value in the prevention of pressure ulcers. The therapeutic value is believed to be due to the pressure relieving properties of the dense woolpile, the moisture absorbing properties of the wool and the low friction at the wool-tip surface. The CSIRO Leather Research Centre has facilitated the development of an Australian Standard for Medical Sheepskins. In his address at the launch of this Standard (July 1997), Dr Michael Wooldridge, Federal Minister for Health, stated that pressure ulcers would cost the Australian health system over $350M in that year. To unequivocally establish the efficacy of sheepskins in preventing the onset of pressure ulcers, and to meet the present requirements for evidence based medicine, a rigorous Randomised Controlled Trial is essential. CSIRO, in conjunction with the Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne School of Postgraduate Nursing, Deakin University and Fremantle Hospital, plan to undertake a study into the prevention of hospital acquired pressure ulcers comparing the efficacy of two mattress covers: sheepskin overlays and the standard hospital sheet and mattress with or without other low technological constant pressure supports.Read moreRead less
Effects Of Anti-smoking Advertising, Tobacco-related Press Coverage And Tobacco Control Policies On Smoking Behaviour
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$358,696.00
Summary
Tobacco control programs invest significant resources into the production, development, and placement of anti-smoking advertisements. Evaluation of anti-smoking advertising campaigns is made difficult by the fact that they operate within the broader social context of changing tobacco control policies, tobacco marketing, and other forms of relevant paid and unpaid media. Public health advocates spend considerable effort attempting to obtain favourable news coverage about tobacco control issues, y ....Tobacco control programs invest significant resources into the production, development, and placement of anti-smoking advertisements. Evaluation of anti-smoking advertising campaigns is made difficult by the fact that they operate within the broader social context of changing tobacco control policies, tobacco marketing, and other forms of relevant paid and unpaid media. Public health advocates spend considerable effort attempting to obtain favourable news coverage about tobacco control issues, yet virtually no research has systematically related the volume and nature of news coverage on tobacco issues to smoking behaviour change. This study will exploit the existing variation in tobacco control acitvity between states and over time to study effects of these two forms of media and tobacco control policies on youth and adult smoking behaviour. The study will merge reliable measures of exposure to televised anti-smoking advertising, press coverage about tobacco issues and detailed quantified measures of other tobacco control policies, with monthly surveys of smoking prevalence and consumption from 1991 to 2005. This unique monthly survey database has tracked smoking behaviour changes over time and between states using a standard method over the course of a 15-year period. Analysis of the data will determine the most optimum levels of anti-smoking advertised required to reduce smoking, the potential influence of news reporting as a way of educating people to reduce smoking and effects of tobacco policies, such as advertising bans, smoke-free policies and youth access policies on smoking behaviour. By assessing the effectiveness of anti-smoking advertising and other tobacco policies in changing smoking behaviour, this study will guide public health policy and funding decisions related to tobacco control.Read moreRead less