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Fungi are increasingly causing life-threatening infections. Little is known about the mechanisms underlying these infections. We will compare the genomes of high and low virulent fungal strains to gain insides into the basis of these differences by using C. gattii as model of a globally highly pathogenic fungus. The findings will be generalized by comparing the obtained results with the genomes of other important pathogenic fungi to develop a scientific basis for better treatment strategies.
Evolutionary Response Of Dengue And Chikungunya Viruses To A Novel Biocontrol Method
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$421,681.00
Summary
Dengue and chikungunya are mosquito-transmitted viruses that present significant public health threats to Australia and the Asia-Pacific. This project will investigate whether dengue and chikungunya can adapt in response to a bacterium that limits replication of the viruses in the mosquito. The research will provide critical data to inform new mosquito control methods aimed at breaking the virus transmission cycle. More broadly, the research will allow us to understand how viruses adapt to strat ....Dengue and chikungunya are mosquito-transmitted viruses that present significant public health threats to Australia and the Asia-Pacific. This project will investigate whether dengue and chikungunya can adapt in response to a bacterium that limits replication of the viruses in the mosquito. The research will provide critical data to inform new mosquito control methods aimed at breaking the virus transmission cycle. More broadly, the research will allow us to understand how viruses adapt to strategies aimed at limiting their replication.Read moreRead less
DNA Barcoding Of Pathogenic Fungi As The Basis For The Development Of Novel Standardized Diagnostic Tools
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$560,398.00
Summary
Fungal infections are increasing and have major health impacts, with a high economic burden. Timely initiation of therapy is the key to improve patient outcomes. However, reliable identification tools for fungal pathogens are lacking. We will use comparative genome analysis to develop unique fungal signatures (DNA barcodes) and establish an online database to allow for rapid identification for diagnosis in the clinical setting and as a quarantine tool for border protection.
Mechanisms Of Antibiotic-induced Persistent Bacterial Infection
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$632,048.00
Summary
Golden staph still causes significant human infections and resistance to antibiotics is an ever growing problem with this bacteria. This project will determine how resistance to some antibiotics is also changing the bacteria to promote persistent, difficult to treat infections. The insights from this study will help understand evolution of this bacteria, and help design new strategies for management.
Comparative Analysis Of Human And Kangaroo Leishmania: Defining Human Pathogenicity Genes
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$539,334.00
Summary
Leishmaniasis is a global infectious disease affecting millions and killing thousands each year. This project will utilise the recent discovery in Australia of a related pathogen to identify novel parasite genes and pathways involved in virulence in humans. The latest techniques in comparative genomics and molecular biology will identify the genes that cause human disease . Appropriate genes will then be used to develope a novel vaccine using the Australian parasite.
Social And Cultural Resilience And Emotional Wellbeing Of Aboriginal Mothers In Prison (SCREAM)
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$925,847.00
Summary
The increasing imprisonment of Aboriginal women is a major public health issue affecting Aboriginal communities. One way in which the burden of disease and cycle of incarceration within families can be addressed is by improving health outcomes for incarcerated Aboriginal mothers and female carers. This mixed-methods study uses appropriate health measures, narrative data and action research to identify culturally safe models of health care for delivery in prisons and on re-integration to the comm ....The increasing imprisonment of Aboriginal women is a major public health issue affecting Aboriginal communities. One way in which the burden of disease and cycle of incarceration within families can be addressed is by improving health outcomes for incarcerated Aboriginal mothers and female carers. This mixed-methods study uses appropriate health measures, narrative data and action research to identify culturally safe models of health care for delivery in prisons and on re-integration to the community.Read moreRead less
Implementation And Sustainability Of Non-surgical Intervention For Dental Caries In General Dental Practice
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$390,388.00
Summary
Dentists in NSW and the ACT used new protocols to stop the spread of tooth decay. Many decayed teeth were then remineralised without the use of injections or drilling and filling. The process by which the dentists reorganised their practices to implement the protocols and how they explained them to their patients and practice staff will now be investigated to discover how best to promote their use Australia-wide. The sustainability and cost-effectiveness of this type of care will be measured.
Peer Counseling To Improve Feeding Practices And Reduce Malnutrition In Children 0-2 Years In Bangladesh
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$951,929.00
Summary
Bangladesh faces high levels of inappropriate infant feeding leading to young child malnutrition. Effective programs are urgently needed to help reduce this burden of malnutrition. The study in poor urban communities in Dhaka City, Bangladesh will examine the impact of local women educating mothers about appropriate infant feeding. We will assess the impact of these programs on feeding practices and the growth of the infants.
Eating As Treatment (EAT): A Stepped Wedge, Randomised Control Trial Of A Health Behaviour Change Intervention Provided By Dietitians To Improve Nutrition In Head And Neck Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$1,156,299.00
Summary
Maintaining nutrition in Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) patients is challenging. Radiotherapy and the burden of the cancer make it difficult for HNC patients to maintain sufficient nutrition. HNC patients also have higher levels of mental illness and substance dependence including alcohol misuse. This trial aims to build on promising pilot data to evaluate for the first time a dietitian delivered health behaviour intervention (Eating As Treatment) to improve nutritional status among HNC patients.
Television Advertising To Promote NHMRC Guidelines For Low Risk Alcohol Consumption: Experimental Study
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$670,013.00
Summary
This project aims to experimentally assess the impact of television advertising that promotes the 2009 NHMRC Guidelines on alcohol consumption, on adults' (aged 18-64) estimates of drinking levels that incur an increased risk of short and long term harm. The Guidelines advise that adults should limit consumption to 2 standard drinks/day to reduce the risk of lifetime harm, and to 4 standard drinks on any single drinking occasion to reduce the risk of short-term harm from that occasion.