The Role Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase On The Regulation Of Hepatic Gluconeogenesis
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$212,485.00
Summary
Type 2 or adult onset diabetes is a disease characterised by high blood sugar that causes damage to the kidneys, eyes and to the circulation and many patients die from heart attack or stroke. There is an increase in the prevalence of diabetes in Australia and a substantial portion of the health budget is utilised by caring for people with diabetes. Determining what exactly causes the increase in blood sugar levels is critical in the treatment of the disease. It is known that the sugar produced a ....Type 2 or adult onset diabetes is a disease characterised by high blood sugar that causes damage to the kidneys, eyes and to the circulation and many patients die from heart attack or stroke. There is an increase in the prevalence of diabetes in Australia and a substantial portion of the health budget is utilised by caring for people with diabetes. Determining what exactly causes the increase in blood sugar levels is critical in the treatment of the disease. It is known that the sugar produced and released by the liver is an important contributor to the high blood sugar levels found in patients with diabetes. The main biochemical pathway responsible for this is called gluconeogenesis, a complex arrangement of enzymes, which convert amino acids and fat into sugar. Although it is known that this pathway is overactive in patients with diabetes, the exact reason for this is not clearly understood. The aim of this proposal is to produce a transgenic mouse that has an increase in liver sugar production as a result of an increase in gluconeogenesis, and to study its effects on blood sugar levels. Furthermore, studies will be performed to understand the regulation of this pathway by infusing the transgenic mice with insulin, the hormone that inhibits gluconeogenesis. The mechanism of action of insulin will be determined by the measurement of key enzymes that regulate gluconeogenesis. The significance of this grant is to identify possible sites for the development of new drugs or gene therapy that will lead to a decrease in the production of sugar by the liver. This will lead to better control of blood sugar levels and slow down or even prevent the onset of diabetes complications.Read moreRead less
Development Of New Anti-fibrotic Drugs For Prevention Of Diabetic Nephropathy.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$133,800.00
Summary
Diabetic kidney disease is the leading cause of kidney failure in the developed world. Currently there is no treatment that reduces the excessive scarring that leads to kidney failure. This project aims to test whether a series of novel compounds that have been specifically designed to reduce scarring can prevent diabetic kidney disease.
Therapeutic Regulation Of Hepatic Steatosis And Lipid Transport In The Metabolic Syndrome
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$522,435.00
Summary
Obesity is an increasing problem in Australia. Elevated fat levels in the liver and blood are associated with obesity and increased risk for heart disease. In this project, we will demostrate new mechanisms of action of Pioglitazone (an insulin-sensitizing agent) and Omacor (fish oils) that will complement the favourable efect of weight loss in the treatment of elevated blood fats and reduction in risk of heart disease in an important groups of subject in the population.
Molecular Characterisation Of The Ligand-binding Domain Of The Mineralocorticoid Receptor
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$215,183.00
Summary
The steroid hormone aldosterone regulates blood pressure by controlling sodium retention. The important role of this hormone in blood pressure control is underlined by the fact that all known monogenetic hypertensive conditions involve aldosterone or sodium reabsorption. Aldosterone works by activating an intracellular 'receptor' protein that in turn switches on specific genes. The products of these genes act to produce sodium retention. Antagonists (blockers) of this receptor are used in the tr ....The steroid hormone aldosterone regulates blood pressure by controlling sodium retention. The important role of this hormone in blood pressure control is underlined by the fact that all known monogenetic hypertensive conditions involve aldosterone or sodium reabsorption. Aldosterone works by activating an intracellular 'receptor' protein that in turn switches on specific genes. The products of these genes act to produce sodium retention. Antagonists (blockers) of this receptor are used in the treatment of hypertension but have undesirable side effects. The design of new, more specific, antagonists has been slow because we do not understand how these drugs bind to the receptor and what effect they have on the protein. How the aldosterone receptor functions is poorly understood. This project aims to investigate the receptor in detail. We are in the process of determining regions of the receptor structure important for hormone binding. This information is vital for the design of new antagonists. The aldosterone receptor is unusual in that it is also activated by cortisol, a steroid hormone involved in stress and inflammation. By examining hormone binding it may be possible to determine if the two steroids activate the receptor in the same way. An understanding of how both natural hormones and synthetic antagonists function is impossible without thorough study of the receptor itself. We intend to examine fundamental aspects of aldosterone receptor function. In particular we wish to identify proteins that interact with the receptor. These proteins either enhance or inhibit the ability of the receptor to switch on genes and are vital to explaining the actions of both natural hormones and synthetic antagonists. Results from these experiments should advance our understanding of the basic biology of aldosterone action and its role in cardiovascular biology, and lead to the design of better receptor antagonists for use in the treatment of hypertension and cardiac fibrosis.Read moreRead less
Aldosterone Mediated Cardiac Pathophysiology:The Role Of Corticosteroid Receptors And 11 HSD Isoforms
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$481,500.00
Summary
Aldosterone a hormone that circulates in blood and is associated with cardiovascular disease. Recently, two clinical trials (RALES, EPHUSUS) demonstrate that if you stop this hormone from acting by giving drugs that inhibit it from binding to the receptor that mediates its response, there is an improvement in the health of heart failure patients. How aldosterone mediates its detrimental effects on heart is largely unknown. Glucocorticoids are another hormone that circulates in blood and can bind ....Aldosterone a hormone that circulates in blood and is associated with cardiovascular disease. Recently, two clinical trials (RALES, EPHUSUS) demonstrate that if you stop this hormone from acting by giving drugs that inhibit it from binding to the receptor that mediates its response, there is an improvement in the health of heart failure patients. How aldosterone mediates its detrimental effects on heart is largely unknown. Glucocorticoids are another hormone that circulates in blood and can bind to the same receptor as aldosterone. In contrast to aldosterone glucocorticoids appear to play a basic maintenance role in heart. Our central hypothesis is that in the healthy heart aldosterone has minimal effects , however, in the diseased heart aldosterone associated pathophysiology is a result of both an increase in the ability of aldosterone to signal to cells and disruption of glucocorticoid signalling. This grant proposal will address how aldosterone and glucocorticoids may directly signal within cardiac cells and how this signalling changes in the diseased heart. In addition, we investigate if enzymes that metabolize glucocortioids and thus render them non-functional play a role in cardiac disease, and if we can reverse the detrimental effects of aldosterone by artificially increasing the production of glucocorticoids in heart. By understanding the mechanisms by which aldosterone promotes cardiac disease, and the role of glucocorticoids and their metabolism in this process will lead to a better understanding of aldosterone induced pathology and thus lead to novel therapeutic targets.Read moreRead less