Thai Health-risk Transition: A National Cohort Study
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$1,231,214.00
Summary
Thailand's disease patterns are changing. Some changes are good but others, like emerging diabetes, heart disease and injuries, are of concern. Development-related 'health transition' can be optimised if there is information on new causes of disease - immediate risk factors, and 'upstream' economic, cultural and environmental influences. The team will study this health-risk transition in the whole Thai population - looking back 50 years, then forwards in 100,000 Sukothai Thammathirat Open Univer ....Thailand's disease patterns are changing. Some changes are good but others, like emerging diabetes, heart disease and injuries, are of concern. Development-related 'health transition' can be optimised if there is information on new causes of disease - immediate risk factors, and 'upstream' economic, cultural and environmental influences. The team will study this health-risk transition in the whole Thai population - looking back 50 years, then forwards in 100,000 Sukothai Thammathirat Open University students living all over Thailand and followed for four years. The team will map changing risks and upstream influences, produce information for Thai preventive programs, boost regional research capacity, create a regional partnership, and support PhD and postdoctoral training.Read moreRead less
Thai Health-Risk Transition: A National Cohort Study - Phase II
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$1,662,829.00
Summary
We are conducting a pioneering collaborative longitudinal study of population health in Thailand, following over time more than 80,000 adults living throughout the country. We repeatedly measure a wide array of health risks and outcomes. We capture information on the health-risk transition underway in Thailand as the population experiences the new burden of disease associated with economic development and modernisation. We team up with policy makers for national responses to lower the burden.
Strengthening Health Workforce Migration to Australia and Canada. The project aims to define skilled migration trends in relation to the key fields (medicine, nursing and dentistry). Australia is one of very few countries with an explicit policy to import migrant health professionals. The project plans to assess if the goal of domestic self-sufficiency is likely to be met by 2025 and examine the risk of a ‘two tier’ health workforce developing (with conditionally registered migrants servicing pa ....Strengthening Health Workforce Migration to Australia and Canada. The project aims to define skilled migration trends in relation to the key fields (medicine, nursing and dentistry). Australia is one of very few countries with an explicit policy to import migrant health professionals. The project plans to assess if the goal of domestic self-sufficiency is likely to be met by 2025 and examine the risk of a ‘two tier’ health workforce developing (with conditionally registered migrants servicing patients in undersupplied sectors and sites). It then aims to propose changes to make the migration and health policy systems more effective and ethical in future compared to Canada (Australia’s key global competitor for skilled migrants), through evidence-based policy reform.Read moreRead less
Retention of the Aboriginal health and disability workforce. This project aims to develop evidence-based retention strategies for the Indigenous frontline health and disability workforces. Indigenous people in these roles are critical to improving access to culturally safe and effective services and support for Indigenous Australians. The availability of culturally safe services, interventions and support will assist in closing the gap in health, education and socio-economic outcomes between Ind ....Retention of the Aboriginal health and disability workforce. This project aims to develop evidence-based retention strategies for the Indigenous frontline health and disability workforces. Indigenous people in these roles are critical to improving access to culturally safe and effective services and support for Indigenous Australians. The availability of culturally safe services, interventions and support will assist in closing the gap in health, education and socio-economic outcomes between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. This project aims to uncover the factors that influence Indigenous front line workers to stay in their crucial roles. The findings will be translated into culturally-appropriate workforce retention strategies.Read moreRead less
Leptin And Development: A Role In The Transition At Birth
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$100,380.00
Summary
A series of epidemiological studies have demonstrated that life expectancy and the risk of developing a range of adult diseases such as heart disease, diabetes mellitus and obesity, are related to weight and size at birth. It appears that genetic and environmental factors interact during pregnancy to determine the growth rate of the embryo and fetus and result in a permanent programming of the development of fetal organs and tissues which may result in the onset of disease in adult life. It is w ....A series of epidemiological studies have demonstrated that life expectancy and the risk of developing a range of adult diseases such as heart disease, diabetes mellitus and obesity, are related to weight and size at birth. It appears that genetic and environmental factors interact during pregnancy to determine the growth rate of the embryo and fetus and result in a permanent programming of the development of fetal organs and tissues which may result in the onset of disease in adult life. It is well established that babies born to mothers who develop diabetes in pregnancy are bigger at birth and are at greater risk of developing obesity in childhood. Paradoxically several major studies of human populations exposed to deprivation during pregnancy have shown that children born to mothers who experience undernutrition in pregnancy may also develop obesity in adult life. A new hormone has recently been identified which acts as a signal of fat mass and which plays a major role in the regulation of body weight and energy expenditure in the adult. We propose to define the role of this hormone before birth and to determine whether its production or action is altered by an increase or a decrease in fetal nutrition. In particular, we will investigate whether perturbations in the metabolic environment of the fetus program an increased production of this hormone or resistance to its actions after birth. These studies will increase our understanding of what adaptive changes before birth may relate to an increased likelihood of obesity after birth.Read moreRead less
Young Adult Social Transitions - Course Of Mental And Behavioural Disorders:The Victorian Adolescent Health Cohort Study
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$560,750.00
Summary
The paths young people follow into adulthood have changed markedly in the past three decades. Traditionally the adoption of a role as marital partner, parent and fulltime employee in the late teens and early twenties was accompanied by a diminution or 'maturing out' of health risk behaviours and emotional problems arising in adolescence. The social transitions into adulthood are now both delayed and in many instances changed with higher rates of cohabitation, extended teriary educational partici ....The paths young people follow into adulthood have changed markedly in the past three decades. Traditionally the adoption of a role as marital partner, parent and fulltime employee in the late teens and early twenties was accompanied by a diminution or 'maturing out' of health risk behaviours and emotional problems arising in adolescence. The social transitions into adulthood are now both delayed and in many instances changed with higher rates of cohabitation, extended teriary educational participation and part-time employment. The effect of these social changes on health risk behaviours, behavioural and mental disorders is uncertain. This proposal will undertake a further follow-up in the late twenties of a group of just under 2000 young Victorians, already studied from the age of 14 years through to the age of 24 years. This study will assess the persistence of behavioural problems such as smoking and nicotine dependence, excessive alcohol consumption and dependence, cannabis dependence, illicit drug use, risk sexual behaviour, depression and anxiety disorders. The extent to which these may be associated with successful negotiation of transitions in education, employment, relationships, parenthood and establishing an independent home will be evaluated. Alternative explanations including the severity of dependence syndrome, personality, social background and genetic risk factors will also be explored.Read moreRead less
Preventing Kidney Fibrosis By Targeting Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 In Chronic Kidney Disease
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$516,972.00
Summary
More than 2300 Australians commence kidney replacement therapy each year and many more die of kidney failure or its complications. Kidney fibrosis is the final pathway of damage in all chronic kidney diseases. Our data demonstrates that a matrix enzyme MMP-9 is likely to be an important cause of kidney fibrosis. We aim to investigate mechanisms by which MMP-9 causes kidney fibrosis, and develop strategies involving inhibition of MMP-9 to prevent kidney fibrosis.
Optimising the residential and community aged care workforce: the evidence-based development of clinical leadership in middle managers in aged care. 1.4% of the Australian workforce is employed in the aged care sector, making a significant contribution to the economy. This study provides evidence-based tools to build management capacity and leadership in aged care, which in turn will improve the quality and effectiveness of the care that has a crucial bearing on the lives of vulnerable older peo ....Optimising the residential and community aged care workforce: the evidence-based development of clinical leadership in middle managers in aged care. 1.4% of the Australian workforce is employed in the aged care sector, making a significant contribution to the economy. This study provides evidence-based tools to build management capacity and leadership in aged care, which in turn will improve the quality and effectiveness of the care that has a crucial bearing on the lives of vulnerable older people in community and residential care. The findings will identify ways to improve aged care workforce retention; and enhance key factors leading to quality care and improved well being of care staff and recipients. This knowledge will contribute to improving the status of aged care related employment; and yield future policy directions that promote effective clinical leadership in aged care. Read moreRead less