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Drinking Patterns, Gender And Social Roles In Alcohol Problems In Victoria, In An International Comparative Context
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$342,239.00
Summary
The varied impacts of drinking in the family and other gendered relations are an important and understudied aspect of alcohol studies, with general social and policy implications. The proposed research will make an important contribution to developing quantitative research in this area in Australia. The project uses concepts and measures which are novel in an Australian environment, and the international comparative aspect of the project, with comparable questionnaires in a wide diversity of soc ....The varied impacts of drinking in the family and other gendered relations are an important and understudied aspect of alcohol studies, with general social and policy implications. The proposed research will make an important contribution to developing quantitative research in this area in Australia. The project uses concepts and measures which are novel in an Australian environment, and the international comparative aspect of the project, with comparable questionnaires in a wide diversity of societies, is novel and innovative for the alcohol research field in general. Measures of social problems from drinking, and particularly and family and relationship, developed in analysing the study material will be made more broadly available for use in future studies, raising the possibility that the study may serve as a first measurement point for future data-series over time.Read moreRead less
The Role Of Androgens In Angiogenesis And Endothelial Progenitor Cell Mobilisation
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$272,591.00
Summary
The Role of Male Sex Hormones in Regulating New Blood Vessel Growth AIMS This proposed project seeks to investigate the role that male sex hormones (androgens) play in: 1) Regulating new blood vessel growth 2) Mobilising cells from the bone marrow which assist in blood vessel repair and growth. BACKGROUND Increasing evidence indicates that the heart and blood vessels are able to repair themselves in response to disease. For example, when a coronary artery becomes severely narrow as a result of d ....The Role of Male Sex Hormones in Regulating New Blood Vessel Growth AIMS This proposed project seeks to investigate the role that male sex hormones (androgens) play in: 1) Regulating new blood vessel growth 2) Mobilising cells from the bone marrow which assist in blood vessel repair and growth. BACKGROUND Increasing evidence indicates that the heart and blood vessels are able to repair themselves in response to disease. For example, when a coronary artery becomes severely narrow as a result of disease, the body can partially compensate by making new blood vessels in a process termed angiogenesis. Recently, cells circulating in the blood stream have been found to have the ability to assist in angiogenesis and in blood vessel repair. These cells, which come from the bone marrow, are called endothelial progenitor cells. Endothelial progenitor cells are therefore an important part of the cardiovascular system's ability to repair and maintain itself. While men are more likely to develop coronary artery disease than women, men are also more likely to have a favourable outcome after a heart attack compared to women. This gender difference after heart attacks, suggests that sex hormones such as the androgens, may play a role in the reparative response after a heart attack. In fact, there is evidence from some studies in cells and in animals that androgens increase blood vessel formation. RESEARCH PLAN We will study the effects of androgens on angiogenesis and in mobilising endothelial progenitor cells using human cells, animal studies and in a human clinical trial SIGNIFICANCE This research will help us further understand the differences between men and women in heart disease. It will also help us understand more about the risks-benefits of androgen replacement in older men.Read moreRead less
The Australian Longitudinal Study Of Health And Relationships
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$2,292,187.00
Summary
Achieving satisfaction in our intimate relationships is a vital component of our well being. To date, most studies of sexual and reproductive health have focused on how common particular problems might be. Thus, studies have tended to have relatively narrow focuses on, for example, the prevalence of pregnancy, miscarriage and termination, or on patterns of sexual practice and contraceptive use, or on the frequency with which individuals experience sexual difficulties. Yet, all of these are inter ....Achieving satisfaction in our intimate relationships is a vital component of our well being. To date, most studies of sexual and reproductive health have focused on how common particular problems might be. Thus, studies have tended to have relatively narrow focuses on, for example, the prevalence of pregnancy, miscarriage and termination, or on patterns of sexual practice and contraceptive use, or on the frequency with which individuals experience sexual difficulties. Yet, all of these are inter-related aspects of sexual and reproductive health that can have profound impacts on each other. Importantly, most of these studies have looked at these issues at a single point in time and could only infer the likely contribution of prior events on currently observed patterns. This study will recruit a random sample of Australians aged 16 to 65 years and interview them annually, initially over a four-year period. It will collect detailed information about sexual and reproductive health and provide essential information about how sexual and reproductive health changes as we age. It will document the relationships between patterns of sexual behaviour, contraceptive choices, pregnancy and its outcomes, and sexual functioning including the experience of sexual problems and the achievement of satisfaction in our physical and emotional intimate relationships.Read moreRead less
The Australian Longitudinal Study Of Health And Relationships
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$1,624,798.00
Summary
Ensuring the sexual and reproductive health of the Australian population is essential for our wellbeing as a nation. As well as the overall importance, at least three aspects of sexual and reproductive health are among the key policy issues for present Australian governments: maintaining and increasing the birth rate; reducing the abortion rate; and preventing and controlling Chlamydia infections.
Is Periosteal Bone Formation Responsible For Sexual Dimorphism In Bone Fragility
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$316,320.00
Summary
Men and women sustain fractures as they age because their bones become fragile. Women sustain fractures more often than men. Bone thinning occurs in both sexes but it is usually believed that this thinning or loss of bone is greater in women than men. We have evidence to suggest that this may not be correct. In fact, it is likely that men and women lose a similar amount of bone, about half what they started with, but during ageing, men lay down more bone on the outside surface of the bone than w ....Men and women sustain fractures as they age because their bones become fragile. Women sustain fractures more often than men. Bone thinning occurs in both sexes but it is usually believed that this thinning or loss of bone is greater in women than men. We have evidence to suggest that this may not be correct. In fact, it is likely that men and women lose a similar amount of bone, about half what they started with, but during ageing, men lay down more bone on the outside surface of the bone than women compensating for the similar amount lost on the inside of the bone. We also have evidence to suggest than men and women who get spine fractures do so because the process of laying down bone may fail to occur normally. We will study these processes of bone loss inside the bone and bone gain outside the bone to try to better understand why bones become weak. We will measure the bone size and its density in healthy men and women and patients with fractures to determine how the increasing size of the bone produced by laying down bone on its outside helps to keep it strong and to preserve the bone that would otherwise be lost if it didn't occur or if a disease developed that might reduce the compensatoryRead moreRead less