Uncovering the mechanisms of early memory development: A new approach using eye tracking. This research represents a theoretical and methodological advance in developmental science. In combining behavioural measures of infant memory with novel eye-tracking methods and electrophysiology, this research will significantly advance our knowledge about the nature of infant memory representation and our understanding of the mechanisms of early memory development. The research will further solidify Aust ....Uncovering the mechanisms of early memory development: A new approach using eye tracking. This research represents a theoretical and methodological advance in developmental science. In combining behavioural measures of infant memory with novel eye-tracking methods and electrophysiology, this research will significantly advance our knowledge about the nature of infant memory representation and our understanding of the mechanisms of early memory development. The research will further solidify Australia's reputation as an innovative leader in the rapidly growing field of developmental cognitive neuroscience. Third, the interdisciplinary nature of this project will provide internationally-competitive research training opportunities for Australian students.Read moreRead less
Disgust as a psychosocial defence against infectious disease. Globally, around 1 in 4 deaths result from infectious disease. Humans have evolved two basic means to combat this - an immune system and behaviours to avoid getting sick. This project examines one such behaviour, disgust, and aims to determine its role in disease avoidance. Studying disgust can lead to novel insights into behaviours as diverse as risky sexual decision-making and illness-related stigmatisation (e.g. of people with AID ....Disgust as a psychosocial defence against infectious disease. Globally, around 1 in 4 deaths result from infectious disease. Humans have evolved two basic means to combat this - an immune system and behaviours to avoid getting sick. This project examines one such behaviour, disgust, and aims to determine its role in disease avoidance. Studying disgust can lead to novel insights into behaviours as diverse as risky sexual decision-making and illness-related stigmatisation (e.g. of people with AIDS or cancer). Disgust can also be used to directly improve human health. For example, it can be exploited to boost hand hygiene. If widely applied, this simple measure could annually save an estimated 1.5 million children's lives, reduce rates of flu, colds, food poisoning and hospital acquired infections.Read moreRead less
The role of dopamine in memory consolidation and retrieval in the day-old chick. This project will investigate the effect of the neurotransmitter dopamine on consolidation and retrieval of memory in the day-old chick. To date investigation in this area has indicated that the neurotransmitter is capable of both facilitating and impairing memory functioning. Clarification of the role of dopamine in the cascade of biochemical events following training will contribute to our understanding of the bio ....The role of dopamine in memory consolidation and retrieval in the day-old chick. This project will investigate the effect of the neurotransmitter dopamine on consolidation and retrieval of memory in the day-old chick. To date investigation in this area has indicated that the neurotransmitter is capable of both facilitating and impairing memory functioning. Clarification of the role of dopamine in the cascade of biochemical events following training will contribute to our understanding of the biochemical mechanisms of memory formation and retrieval and may have useful applications in human amnesias in which dopaminergic transmission is either compromised such as in Parkinson's disease or excessive such as in schizophrenia.Read moreRead less
Maturation of the brain and the development of cognitive abilities. This project aims to develop techniques for measuring the growing brain. We will use these techniques to determine how the growing brain influences a child's intellectual ability and to answer an important question - do areas of the brain mature at the same or different rates and what influence does that have on the development of specific abilities such as language and reasoning? An answer to this question will make an import ....Maturation of the brain and the development of cognitive abilities. This project aims to develop techniques for measuring the growing brain. We will use these techniques to determine how the growing brain influences a child's intellectual ability and to answer an important question - do areas of the brain mature at the same or different rates and what influence does that have on the development of specific abilities such as language and reasoning? An answer to this question will make an important contribution to our theoretical understanding of developmental disorders. Moreover, given the influence of intellectual development on life prospects, it is important to understand how early brain development impacts on a child's ability to learn.Read moreRead less
The Effects of Early Experiences: A Developmental Analysis of Learning and Memory. The aim of this project is to increase our understanding of fear and anxiety. Anxiety disorders, which are characterised by the inability to appropriately regulate fear, are among the most prevalent psychological disturbances in industrialized countries, with between 10-30% of the population suffering from one at some point in their life. Because of this, there has been a long-standing interest in the experimental ....The Effects of Early Experiences: A Developmental Analysis of Learning and Memory. The aim of this project is to increase our understanding of fear and anxiety. Anxiety disorders, which are characterised by the inability to appropriately regulate fear, are among the most prevalent psychological disturbances in industrialized countries, with between 10-30% of the population suffering from one at some point in their life. Because of this, there has been a long-standing interest in the experimental study of learned fear. The present project takes a developmental approach because many theories of anxiety disorders emphasise the role of early experience. From this perspective, it is imperative that we have an understanding of developmental differences in the processes involved in the emotion of fear.Read moreRead less
Testing a cooperative model of human associative learning. Understanding how we learn about causal relationships in our environment is a fundamental aspect of psychology and is critical to adaptive behaviour. In this project, we propose a novel cognitive model of learning to replace the traditional reflexive Pavlovian model that has dominated the area for 80 years. The project will lend new vitality to the debate on learning and help to maintain Australia's reputation as a leader in this resea ....Testing a cooperative model of human associative learning. Understanding how we learn about causal relationships in our environment is a fundamental aspect of psychology and is critical to adaptive behaviour. In this project, we propose a novel cognitive model of learning to replace the traditional reflexive Pavlovian model that has dominated the area for 80 years. The project will lend new vitality to the debate on learning and help to maintain Australia's reputation as a leader in this research area worldwide. In addition, the understanding of learning mechanisms is central to our understanding of neuroscience, clinical disorders and a wide range of applications such as education and advertising/marketing. clinical issues.Read moreRead less
Developmental analysis of extinction of learned fear in rats. This project aims to gain a better understanding of extinction (ie., loss) of learned fear in rats. Extinction is the process underlying exposure therapy, which is the most effective current treatment for anxiety disorders. Although most anxiety disorders are first diagnosed relatively early in life, we know very little about extinction of fear across development. However, recent findings have suggested that there are fundamental dev ....Developmental analysis of extinction of learned fear in rats. This project aims to gain a better understanding of extinction (ie., loss) of learned fear in rats. Extinction is the process underlying exposure therapy, which is the most effective current treatment for anxiety disorders. Although most anxiety disorders are first diagnosed relatively early in life, we know very little about extinction of fear across development. However, recent findings have suggested that there are fundamental developmental differences in the extinction of fear, and the present project explores these differences in greater detail. By doing so, the project aims to increase our understanding of how fears can be inhibited, and may eventually lead to the development of age-appropriate treatments for anxiety disorders.Read moreRead less
Remembering that things have changed: A behavioural, pharmacological and biochemical examination of the differences between consolidation and re-consolidation in the day-old chick. This project has five national benefits. 1) It addresses a fundamental scientific and practical problem: to determine whether re-consolidation is actually a repetition of consolidation or in fact a distinct process; 2) it will provide a comprehensive account of how the two processes compare at a biochemical level; 3) ....Remembering that things have changed: A behavioural, pharmacological and biochemical examination of the differences between consolidation and re-consolidation in the day-old chick. This project has five national benefits. 1) It addresses a fundamental scientific and practical problem: to determine whether re-consolidation is actually a repetition of consolidation or in fact a distinct process; 2) it will provide a comprehensive account of how the two processes compare at a biochemical level; 3) it may ultimately provide a pharmacological and behavioural approach to modifying troubling or unwanted memories such as the concerns which may result in post-traumatic stress disorder; 4) it will contribute to Australia's international reputation in behavioural neuroscience and 5) it will provide outstanding training opportunities for Australian undergraduate and postgraduate research students in behavioural neuroscience.Read moreRead less
An investigation of memory functioning of the prefrontal cortex. This project aims to investigate the role of the prefrontal cortex in human memory. While the medial temporal lobe has long been recognised as imperative for basic memory processes, the prefrontal cortex has only recently been recognised to mediate higher-level strategic memory processes. This project will clarify the memory functions of the dorsolateral, orbitofrontal, and medial prefrontal lobes by studying performance of individ ....An investigation of memory functioning of the prefrontal cortex. This project aims to investigate the role of the prefrontal cortex in human memory. While the medial temporal lobe has long been recognised as imperative for basic memory processes, the prefrontal cortex has only recently been recognised to mediate higher-level strategic memory processes. This project will clarify the memory functions of the dorsolateral, orbitofrontal, and medial prefrontal lobes by studying performance of individuals with damage in these areas using memory tests and tasks. Our findings will enhance understanding and theorising of the neural basis of memory and have implications for management and rehabilitation of memory impairments in brain injured individuals.Read moreRead less
Testing the multiple learning system model with eyeblink conditioning in normal and amnesic participants. This project will test whether learning of new material always requires active attention and effort, or whether some types of learning can occur automatically. We will use a laboratory task, eye blink conditioning, that has been claimed to occur automatically. The results will guide neuroscientists in their search for the brain mechanisms of learning and memory. They will also help to opt ....Testing the multiple learning system model with eyeblink conditioning in normal and amnesic participants. This project will test whether learning of new material always requires active attention and effort, or whether some types of learning can occur automatically. We will use a laboratory task, eye blink conditioning, that has been claimed to occur automatically. The results will guide neuroscientists in their search for the brain mechanisms of learning and memory. They will also help to optimise strategies for education, training and clinical treatments where new material must be communicated as effectively as possible.Read moreRead less