Developing A Safe Vaccine Against Group A Streptococci
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$768,530.00
Summary
Group A streptococcus causes 520,000 deaths each year. A safe and effective vaccine is not commercially available. We have identified new protective candidate antigens, and we seek to undertake critical non-human primate studies to provide further proof-of-concept data. This work will underpin commercial decisions by our industry partner (Sanofi Pasteur) leading to human trials and the development of a safe group A streptococcal vaccine for human use.
Mathematical Modelling Of Bacterial Carriage In Children
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$421,746.00
Summary
Children exposed to larger numbers of other children are at risk of persistent bacterial infections. Such circumstances explain the high rates of ear and chest infections, and skin sores seen in children in historical times. Changing social circumstances (smaller families, better housing, nutrition and hygiene), as well as the introduction of antibiotics, explain the decline of such infections in affluent communities since the early 20th century. However, even today, in affluent countries, child ....Children exposed to larger numbers of other children are at risk of persistent bacterial infections. Such circumstances explain the high rates of ear and chest infections, and skin sores seen in children in historical times. Changing social circumstances (smaller families, better housing, nutrition and hygiene), as well as the introduction of antibiotics, explain the decline of such infections in affluent communities since the early 20th century. However, even today, in affluent countries, children attending group child care are at high risk of ear infections. As many bacteria are resistant, antibiotics are now much less effective than when they were first introduced. Furthermore, there is a continuing load of infection for children in Aboriginal communities, in PNG and other developing countries, causing hearing loss, chronic respiratory problems, and heart disease and renal disease in later life. Using data previously collected from other studies in Indigenous communities and children in child care, mathematical models allow us to ask what if?, and answer important public health questions: 1. What environmental and public health measures can reduce the cycle of cross-infection in child-care and high-risk populations? 2. What coverage rates with pneumococcal vaccine will eliminate the vaccine-specific bacteria from child care centres, from the wider community, and from high risk populations? 3. Will infections with bacteria not covered by vaccine then increase? 4. Will the resistant bacteria tend to disappear if antibiotic use is restricted? 5. Under what circumstances will antibiotics help to control infection? The modelling will promote understanding of the social and health costs of bacterial infection in Aboriginal communities and child care and use educational scenarios to promote uptake of the most cost-effective and socially acceptable interventions.Read moreRead less
Investigation Of The Localisation, Transport And Vaccine Potential Of Group A Streptococcal Cell Surface Proteins.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$505,523.00
Summary
Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus; GAS) is a bacterium that causes human skin and throat infections as well as highly invasive diseases including necrotising fasciitis. Additionally, serious sequeale, including rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis, may result following repeated infection. We have recently examined the GAS cell wall and identified 23 proteins that are surface exposed, 20 of which are novel. We hypothesise that a number of these surface exposed proteins represe ....Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus; GAS) is a bacterium that causes human skin and throat infections as well as highly invasive diseases including necrotising fasciitis. Additionally, serious sequeale, including rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis, may result following repeated infection. We have recently examined the GAS cell wall and identified 23 proteins that are surface exposed, 20 of which are novel. We hypothesise that a number of these surface exposed proteins represent candidate vaccine antigens capable of conferring protective immunity. We therefore propose to examine these surface proteins as components of experimental vaccines against GAS.Read moreRead less
How The Intracellular Pathogen Coxiella Burnetii Manipulates Host Small GTPases To Facilitate Disease
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$534,510.00
Summary
This study explores how the bacterium Coxiella burnetii causes the serious infectious disease Q fever. Coxiella is a potential biological weapon because it is stable in the environment and few organisms are required to cause disease. Coxiella is able to manipulate human cells to replicate in a unique location within the cell but little is known about how they do this. Here we will study the host proteins that are important during infection and how Coxiella manipulates these factors to facilitate ....This study explores how the bacterium Coxiella burnetii causes the serious infectious disease Q fever. Coxiella is a potential biological weapon because it is stable in the environment and few organisms are required to cause disease. Coxiella is able to manipulate human cells to replicate in a unique location within the cell but little is known about how they do this. Here we will study the host proteins that are important during infection and how Coxiella manipulates these factors to facilitate intracellular replication.Read moreRead less
Defining Pathogenic Mechanisms Of Intracellular Bacteria
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$494,691.00
Summary
This study explores how the bacterium Coxiella burnetii causes the serious infectious disease Q fever. Coxiella is a potential biological weapon because it is very stable in the environment and few organisms are required to cause disease. Coxiella is able to commandeer human cells to replicate in a specialized vacuole but little is understood about how they do this. We will examine the virulence factors of Coxiella and investigate how they allow the bacteria to replicate inside human cells.